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[Music]

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hello and welcome to the show on Martin

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Willis your host and we have an exciting

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show for you tonight I'm a fan of the

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person we have on Frasier Kane from the

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publisher of Universe Today

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and also a podcast that I started

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listening to when it very first started

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and on and off many times over I think

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it's been 13 years or something like

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that they're already up to episode 500

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and that's called astronomy cast and I

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love the show and so anyway I was really

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happy that Frasier now Frasier is not

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someone that is really down with UFOs we

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will discuss it and get it we'll get his

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opinion and I promise you it won't be

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violent or anything we'll may have a

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couple of semi-soft debates about the

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topic and we'll see where it goes from

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there and then we're gonna be talking a

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lot of space and all that stuff later on

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in the show torte after the first hour

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we will take calls anyone would like to

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call in and ask questions and you know

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the host some questions or or whatever

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we will go from there

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so I want to thank everyone that

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supports the show anyone can do that you

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can find that info on podcast UFO comm

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and generally we are live on kgr a radio

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and so first of all the producer race

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Hobbs is stuck somewhere in a canyon he

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was I think he was actually in a tunnel

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people were trying to turn around it was

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a big mess and so his fill-in guy sent

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me his radar picture this tornados all

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in his area so they're just popping on a

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replay over there so I apologize for you

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regular I don't even know how to get to

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you people over at kg are a radio

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hopefully they'll wander over to the

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YouTube channel or my web site and see

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the show Alejandro welcome to the show

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how are you I'm doing well how are you

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doing Betty not doing just great doing

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great it's raining and pouring it's it's

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ringing and pouring I guess the same

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thing but it's cold chilly we're getting

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the winter chill already here in

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from October it's raining here and it's

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it's cold for Arizona it's probably

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probably still in the 70s or 80s but

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where Arizona that's very cold yeah I

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know and well you need the rain right

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yeah we've got it yeah so we've got a

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lot of rain going on but yeah we do need

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it yep so that's good yeah I hear the

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whole Southwest is gonna get quite a

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deluge out there and so what's going on

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in the UFO etc world yeah so I've got

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three stories I'd like to cover two UFOs

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and in celebration of your guests today

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or just because I love space I've got a

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space one two my own space story so to

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begin this I'm not sure if this is even

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a new story but it's someone something

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someone posted in the open minds UFO

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news group and this is from casino org

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and they actually have a UFO site it's

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pretty cool where they've got a lot of

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information some stats and everything

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regarding UFOs and of course up top what

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do they have they've got the odds of

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seeing a UFO so according to Las Vegas

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essentially it's it looks like if I'm

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reading this it's a plus 120 4700 which

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I think means one thousand two hundred

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and forty seven to one odds that you'll

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see a UFO they list that's not that bad

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yeah and well that's just Alabama it

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looks like so they've got everything for

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every different state let's see we'll

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just look up a couple in Maine it's a

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lot better it's three hundred and

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seventy to one that's because there's

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only 370 people in Maine I think yeah

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and then let's check Arizona really wow

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the odds are really I think their

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numbers are way off

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according to I'm sure they didn't use

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like population and stuff like that but

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Arizona they have it at something like

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nearly two thousand to one odds so very

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high which is kind of weird

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but there's a lot more information about

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history of UFO sightings including a

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timeline that's interactive where you

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can click and look at different

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sightings

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it also has a few facts and here they

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are these are interesting you're most

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likely to see a UFO in Wyoming according

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to them Florida is a state with the

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lowest odds of seeing a UFO which is

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according to them which is completely

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different than any statistics that's

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right I don't know where they're getting

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their numbers Oh yep

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over 40,000 Americans have taken out

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alien abduction insurance boy I didn't

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see that coming boy yeah yeah yeah weird

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is that yeah so they've got a lot of

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starting a comebacks I'm not sure where

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they get their numbers I would argue

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their numbers but it is pretty

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interesting can you before you go on

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there so if you do happen to get

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abducted how do you collect your you

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know I don't know you know I've heard of

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this before actually this alien

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abduction insurance because you can get

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insurance pretty much for everything and

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yeah yeah exactly and I think this is

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alloyed product as well so you'd have to

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look that up if you're looking to get

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alien abduction insurance although you

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know I'm sure as we know especially that

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many of those 40,000 probably the

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majority probably really genuinely

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believe that you know they may be

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abducted or have been before so who

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knows yeah I would really love to see

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that policy yeah really interesting but

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the interface and the graphics you can

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tell that this they spent a lot of time

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on this site and it's really really cool

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in fact there's a little map and when

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you click on your country or where you

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are your state I mean this little UFO

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flies above it and begins this little

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light down so the graphics are really

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cool it's a really cool site interesting

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something to check out so a couple other

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pieces of news so you and I talked at

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length about this on my podcast but to

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the Stars Academy has come out with an

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article recently about some alleged

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anomalous materials that they have are

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examining you know I complained a lot

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about you know how they wrote this

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article and

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came about but the point is what's

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interesting of course is they have this

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project where they're taking what people

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are claiming to be mysterious material

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and they're actually looking into it it

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appears that the material they're

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looking into right now are what are

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known as arts parts so it's something

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art Bell got and we're deducing this

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because the article said it had similar

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elements magnesium zinc bismuth that

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were claimed and in small layers just

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like we're claimed that that were to be

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part of these arts parts and the story

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and here is my big big complaint the

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article referred to this material and

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that it has been out there for decades

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if it is our sparks which I'm sure it is

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they really I feel should have done the

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whole history of the material you know

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how it was anonymously sent to art Bell

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so we have a full story of what the heck

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this stuff is I hope that it was just an

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oversight because it's kind of deceptive

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not to give history even if it hurts the

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credibility

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I mean because history is going to come

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out regardless that's right we should

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know either way but there's a another

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development so researchers have found

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and I'm not sure who found this in the

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beginning I think it might have been

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this website and I identified aerial

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phenomenon

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scientific research - blog on blogspot

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but they looked into the SEC files this

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is the US Securities and Exchange

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Commission and they actually found some

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paperwork an update on to the Stars

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Academy and if we read this right some

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of the things that it says here is that

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dr. Gary Nolan reason resigned and later

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yes yeah I mean we're talking about him

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he's the one who analyzed these alleged

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you know alien bodies out of Peru which

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of course all turned out to be human

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which we knew before even though people

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like dr. Steven Greer claimed otherwise

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but dr. Greer is the one who hired this

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guy to look into it or at least

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partnered with him and then was

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unfortunately did

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like his results because it looks alien

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but it's not but the most shocking thing

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in here is that it looks like let me

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find the number but it's huge it looks

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like they are in debt to the tune of

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nearly 40 million dollars how could that

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be even I don't know let me read this to

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you so this is page 13 note 2 and the

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title is growing concern

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it says the accompanying financial

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statements have been prepared on a

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growing concern basic which contemplates

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the realization of assets and

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buh-buh-buh-buh-buh let me get a license

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the company has encouraged losses from

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operations and has an accumulated

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deficit at June 30th 2018 of 37 million

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four hundred and thirty two thousand

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dollars these factors raise doubt about

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the company's ability to continue as a

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growing concern I can't even house

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imagine what yeah this is really weird

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now there were some other documents that

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came out and one of the other documents

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that is in here talks about their

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material studies program essentially the

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Adam project and it also talks about

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another partnership they have research

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that they've got going on with earth

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tech International regarding beamed

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energy launch systems program a planning

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project B Els and I think you could ask

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your guests this would probably be a

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interesting topic for Frazier about this

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because this is essentially the same

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technology that they want to use for

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that URI gildner I forget his last name

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the teller yeah no the Russian owner who

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started the project I I don't know man

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his name right off that I know you mean

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yeah yeah so he wanted to send all of

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these little micro spaceships using a

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laser that pushes them the solar

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technology essentially it's like a light

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technology where these lasers push these

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objects

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so that maybe yet now of course many of

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the members of to the stars are also

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previous members are at least with work

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with Bigelow Aerospace Bigelow Aerospace

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has some huge contracts especially with

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Boeing they've partnered up with they're

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working with NASA so it could be that

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there is a very high dollar project that

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they're being farmed out to help with

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Bigelow that could explain this because

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of course the dollars are dealing with

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are huge when it comes to some of these

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aerospace projects so there could be an

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answer that doesn't you mean that it is

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what it looks like which is that there's

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thirty seven million dollars in debt and

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they're screwed how could they have

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spent that much money it could be part

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of some work they're doing where they

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they are planning to recover that I

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could be work with I'd imagine that

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would be through Bigelow because he's

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got of course it's ties into a space

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industry right

275
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that's a yuri milner is the person

276
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you're with Milner yeah and it was close

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yeah so yeah so speaking at Bigelow but

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more along the space is this new space

279
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race so of course I've talked a lot

280
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about the space race to the moon and

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some of the other motivations going on

282
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than just science of course there's a

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lot of politics and global politics

284
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going on there but there are also

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politics going on in another really

286
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important race which is to get the

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United States back in the game of

288
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getting humans to the International

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Space Station so getting humans into

290
00:13:10,949 --> 00:13:08,620
space and there's actually two

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spacecraft that have been given the

292
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green light who are already scheduled to

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take humans and that is the spacex

294
00:13:21,060 --> 00:13:17,680
dragon spacecraft and then the boeing

295
00:13:23,519 --> 00:13:21,070
Starliner so i've got an article in den

296
00:13:26,310 --> 00:13:23,529
of geek all about these what I kind of

297
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did was a head-to-head you know what are

298
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the the similarities and the differences

299
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between these two and there are some

300
00:13:35,850 --> 00:13:32,980
really interesting things about each the

301
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SpaceX Dragon if you see the interior

302
00:13:43,290 --> 00:13:38,890
looks a lot like a Tesla car it's very

303
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fancy minimalistic super futuristic with

304
00:13:47,670 --> 00:13:45,040
these panels

305
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that display panels that you can fold

306
00:13:52,260 --> 00:13:49,570
away and they're touchscreen and

307
00:13:54,030 --> 00:13:52,270
everything so it's pretty cool what's

308
00:13:56,910 --> 00:13:54,040
unique couple things that are unique

309
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about the Dragon spacecraft one is that

310
00:14:03,870 --> 00:14:00,250
it has a trunk just like your car so it

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really has a section that holds the

312
00:14:09,990 --> 00:14:07,810
solar panels that also can hold a bunch

313
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more cargo so that's going to be really

314
00:14:13,890 --> 00:14:12,280
important this is unpressurized cargo so

315
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humans can't fit in there but a lot of

316
00:14:18,270 --> 00:14:15,790
other cargo can which is really

317
00:14:20,190 --> 00:14:18,280
important now the cargo in the trunk is

318
00:14:21,630 --> 00:14:20,200
going for a one-way trip because this

319
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trunk actually burns up in the

320
00:14:27,270 --> 00:14:25,020
atmosphere when they come back in but

321
00:14:28,920 --> 00:14:27,280
anything else they can you know they can

322
00:14:30,960 --> 00:14:28,930
stuff in the the capsule if there aren't

323
00:14:32,880 --> 00:14:30,970
any humans for bringing back more

324
00:14:34,920 --> 00:14:32,890
material but that's been one benefit

325
00:14:37,320 --> 00:14:34,930
that the Dragon capsule has had it's

326
00:14:41,790 --> 00:14:37,330
already been going to the ISS the

327
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uncrewed version and it's able to bring

328
00:14:46,920 --> 00:14:44,560
materials back as well now the Dragon

329
00:14:49,580 --> 00:14:46,930
capsule here's one big difference it is

330
00:14:51,810 --> 00:14:49,590
going to use more of a traditional

331
00:14:54,540 --> 00:14:51,820
parachute just like the Apollo program

332
00:14:56,700 --> 00:14:54,550
it will fall into the ocean slow down by

333
00:14:58,590 --> 00:14:56,710
a parachute one of the things they're

334
00:15:01,200 --> 00:14:58,600
working on they were hoping to have is

335
00:15:03,060 --> 00:15:01,210
more of a kind of futuristic where this

336
00:15:05,970 --> 00:15:03,070
thing can land just like their Falcon

337
00:15:08,310 --> 00:15:05,980
rockets do where they have a retro

338
00:15:10,620 --> 00:15:08,320
engine set that will slow the craft down

339
00:15:12,240 --> 00:15:10,630
so it can land on land but they that

340
00:15:14,340 --> 00:15:12,250
isn't ready so at least at the beginning

341
00:15:16,320 --> 00:15:14,350
they're gonna have these parachutes that

342
00:15:18,660 --> 00:15:16,330
are gonna be slowing it down

343
00:15:20,820 --> 00:15:18,670
getting to the Starliner one of the cool

344
00:15:23,010 --> 00:15:20,830
things about the Starliner on that front

345
00:15:24,390 --> 00:15:23,020
is that the Starliner is actually going

346
00:15:27,570 --> 00:15:24,400
to land on the ground it's got these

347
00:15:30,480 --> 00:15:27,580
giant balloons that blow up and then

348
00:15:32,760 --> 00:15:30,490
allow it it's slowed down by a parachute

349
00:15:34,620 --> 00:15:32,770
but these balloons allow it to land on

350
00:15:36,240 --> 00:15:34,630
the balloons soft enough where they can

351
00:15:37,920 --> 00:15:36,250
make ground landing so that's going to

352
00:15:40,350 --> 00:15:37,930
be very important it's gonna be much

353
00:15:42,210 --> 00:15:40,360
easier to retrieve and I think it'd be

354
00:15:45,240 --> 00:15:42,220
really scary it's one of the scariest

355
00:15:46,980 --> 00:15:45,250
parts I think in all the space movies

356
00:15:48,930 --> 00:15:46,990
when they come back and they've got to

357
00:15:50,640 --> 00:15:48,940
land in the ocean and you know it's

358
00:15:54,090 --> 00:15:50,650
scary what if something happens and of

359
00:15:55,830 --> 00:15:54,100
course there was an incident where you

360
00:15:58,110 --> 00:15:55,840
know it's debated exactly what happened

361
00:16:00,870 --> 00:15:58,120
I think now it's not so much but one of

362
00:16:05,340 --> 00:16:00,880
the astronauts I guess freaked out and

363
00:16:09,540 --> 00:16:05,350
pulled the the port door open

364
00:16:11,670 --> 00:16:09,550
essentially and almost drowned when I

365
00:16:13,920 --> 00:16:11,680
forget the details I'm sure Frasier

366
00:16:17,190 --> 00:16:13,930
would have that tasking him with all of

367
00:16:19,260 --> 00:16:17,200
this stuff but yeah that's one cool

368
00:16:21,540 --> 00:16:19,270
thing about the Starliner the Starliner

369
00:16:24,990 --> 00:16:21,550
this is really interesting too

370
00:16:27,240 --> 00:16:25,000
so the space tourism is something new

371
00:16:29,220 --> 00:16:27,250
that starting up the big new SpaceX made

372
00:16:30,990 --> 00:16:29,230
in the last few weeks is that they're

373
00:16:33,150 --> 00:16:31,000
going to fly that this Japanese

374
00:16:34,920 --> 00:16:33,160
millionaire around the moon Phileas well

375
00:16:36,900 --> 00:16:34,930
the steel liner says they're gonna be

376
00:16:38,790 --> 00:16:36,910
doing that too they're gonna be working

377
00:16:41,280 --> 00:16:38,800
with a company called space adventures

378
00:16:45,210 --> 00:16:41,290
and space adventures was renting seats

379
00:16:47,880 --> 00:16:45,220
from the Russians to fly people to the

380
00:16:50,700 --> 00:16:47,890
ISS they did this a few times in the 90s

381
00:16:53,160 --> 00:16:50,710
early 2000 but they stopped because

382
00:16:54,660 --> 00:16:53,170
essentially the US was renting all those

383
00:16:57,690 --> 00:16:54,670
seats those extra seats

384
00:16:59,100 --> 00:16:57,700
well now what the Starliner says Boeing

385
00:17:01,800 --> 00:16:59,110
says is that they're gonna actually rent

386
00:17:04,590 --> 00:17:01,810
extra seats to potential space tourists

387
00:17:05,490 --> 00:17:04,600
so they might be doing that they're

388
00:17:07,860 --> 00:17:05,500
going to be working with space

389
00:17:09,600 --> 00:17:07,870
adventures so they may be flying you

390
00:17:11,939 --> 00:17:09,610
know if they're flying humans up as soon

391
00:17:13,040 --> 00:17:11,949
as next year they may be doing this in

392
00:17:15,360 --> 00:17:13,050
the next year or two

393
00:17:17,280 --> 00:17:15,370
renting out seats for people to be able

394
00:17:20,010 --> 00:17:17,290
to fly up to the ISS just like the

395
00:17:22,290 --> 00:17:20,020
Russians were doing so that's some

396
00:17:24,840 --> 00:17:22,300
interesting stuff here you could look

397
00:17:28,590 --> 00:17:24,850
into it more the one thing that makes

398
00:17:31,680 --> 00:17:28,600
this very pressing is that our contract

399
00:17:34,890 --> 00:17:31,690
with Russia to take us to the ISS us

400
00:17:37,880 --> 00:17:34,900
astronauts is expiring in April 2019

401
00:17:41,490 --> 00:17:37,890
which happens to be the same month that

402
00:17:45,600 --> 00:17:41,500
SpaceX will be taking the first their

403
00:17:47,549 --> 00:17:45,610
first crew to the ISS but we actually

404
00:17:49,799 --> 00:17:47,559
have I guess rented seats up until

405
00:17:52,320 --> 00:17:49,809
November of next year with the Russians

406
00:17:53,549 --> 00:17:52,330
but after that you know we've got to

407
00:17:56,130 --> 00:17:53,559
figure out what we're gonna do to get

408
00:17:59,340 --> 00:17:56,140
people up there so hopefully there will

409
00:18:01,080 --> 00:17:59,350
be no more delays boeing was a

410
00:18:03,419 --> 00:18:01,090
front-runner for a long time of course

411
00:18:05,850 --> 00:18:03,429
they actually have built all of the

412
00:18:10,080 --> 00:18:05,860
spacecraft that have taken humans into

413
00:18:12,060 --> 00:18:10,090
space from for for nasa but surprisingly

414
00:18:14,700 --> 00:18:12,070
they just had to

415
00:18:18,270 --> 00:18:14,710
shoes and SpaceX came from behind and

416
00:18:20,670 --> 00:18:18,280
SpaceX's is right now ahead of the race

417
00:18:22,800 --> 00:18:20,680
they most likely will be the first to

418
00:18:24,960 --> 00:18:22,810
you know be a commercial private

419
00:18:28,470 --> 00:18:24,970
organization to take astronauts to the

420
00:18:30,570 --> 00:18:28,480
ISS very exciting yeah it is Wow

421
00:18:32,400 --> 00:18:30,580
interesting so I think it's really

422
00:18:35,490 --> 00:18:32,410
amazing that there's actually be

423
00:18:37,350 --> 00:18:35,500
passengers you know flying and I've

424
00:18:39,090 --> 00:18:37,360
wonder you know what the tickets cost

425
00:18:40,440 --> 00:18:39,100
it's amazing I wonder if they got a

426
00:18:42,990 --> 00:18:40,450
double booked too you know

427
00:18:45,960 --> 00:18:43,000
well there's huge in fact we've got a

428
00:18:47,880 --> 00:18:45,970
another article a supplemental an

429
00:18:53,040 --> 00:18:47,890
article coming out that I did on space

430
00:18:55,500 --> 00:18:53,050
tourism and it's part of the magazine we

431
00:18:57,030 --> 00:18:55,510
put together for den of geek for the New

432
00:18:58,530 --> 00:18:57,040
York Comic Con which is going on

433
00:19:01,080 --> 00:18:58,540
something like the end of this week I

434
00:19:03,810 --> 00:19:01,090
think it starts and so that will be out

435
00:19:06,690 --> 00:19:03,820
soon but I've got pricing for all of the

436
00:19:09,180 --> 00:19:06,700
different options out there but we don't

437
00:19:11,730 --> 00:19:09,190
know how much the the Japanese gentleman

438
00:19:14,730 --> 00:19:11,740
is going to be paying to go around the

439
00:19:17,190 --> 00:19:14,740
moon but these travelers with space

440
00:19:20,640 --> 00:19:17,200
adventures are paying hundreds of

441
00:19:23,430 --> 00:19:20,650
millions of dollars so I mean it ain't

442
00:19:25,590 --> 00:19:23,440
cheap yeah yeah rightly so I mean it

443
00:19:27,410 --> 00:19:25,600
costs so much per pound just to get out

444
00:19:29,880 --> 00:19:27,420
of orbit thanks so much

445
00:19:31,710 --> 00:19:29,890
mm-hmm all right pleasure all right then

446
00:19:33,150 --> 00:19:31,720
I'll talk to you next week all right

447
00:19:35,700 --> 00:19:33,160
have a great show talk to you later

448
00:19:38,790 --> 00:19:35,710
all right thanks all right so our guest

449
00:19:40,800 --> 00:19:38,800
Fraser King I contacted him I believe

450
00:19:42,960 --> 00:19:40,810
quite a while ago I was so glad when he

451
00:19:46,620 --> 00:19:42,970
finally said that he would actually be

452
00:19:48,150 --> 00:19:46,630
come on the show first off I remember

453
00:19:50,370 --> 00:19:48,160
contacting him he said something along

454
00:19:53,220 --> 00:19:50,380
the lines well no I don't want to talk

455
00:19:55,470 --> 00:19:53,230
about UFOs I'm going to talk about him

456
00:19:58,110 --> 00:19:55,480
for a little while Fraser Cain welcome

457
00:20:01,200 --> 00:19:58,120
to the show thank you for having me

458
00:20:03,630 --> 00:20:01,210
yes love your your podcast as you

459
00:20:07,500 --> 00:20:03,640
probably know after I've been talking

460
00:20:10,530 --> 00:20:07,510
about it and you co-host with Pam look

461
00:20:14,040 --> 00:20:10,540
at dr. Pamela gay and she is such a

462
00:20:15,930 --> 00:20:14,050
delight entertaining and so much fun and

463
00:20:18,060 --> 00:20:15,940
she really the thing that I like the

464
00:20:21,810 --> 00:20:18,070
best about your show is that you both

465
00:20:24,300 --> 00:20:21,820
really explained in terms that someone

466
00:20:25,310 --> 00:20:24,310
like myself and anyone is just getting

467
00:20:27,830 --> 00:20:25,320
into it can act

468
00:20:29,840 --> 00:20:27,840
understand yeah that's the that's really

469
00:20:32,930 --> 00:20:29,850
the the wonderful thing about about

470
00:20:36,379 --> 00:20:32,940
astronomy cast is Pamela knows the

471
00:20:41,210 --> 00:20:36,389
material so deeply that we don't have to

472
00:20:42,980 --> 00:20:41,220
prepare right topic and you just go we

473
00:20:45,710 --> 00:20:42,990
just have a topic and we were just

474
00:20:48,440 --> 00:20:45,720
following my curiosity I will yeah I'm

475
00:20:50,659 --> 00:20:48,450
the four-year-old like what about black

476
00:20:53,690 --> 00:20:50,669
holes didn't you know and I just asked

477
00:20:57,409 --> 00:20:53,700
my questions and she patiently answers

478
00:20:59,659 --> 00:20:57,419
all of my questions so it's it's it's

479
00:21:02,330 --> 00:20:59,669
been wonderful and an absolute honor to

480
00:21:05,090 --> 00:21:02,340
work with her over these twelve years as

481
00:21:08,539 --> 00:21:05,100
you said just we just wrapped up episode

482
00:21:10,490 --> 00:21:08,549
500 of the of the podcast and we're

483
00:21:12,680 --> 00:21:10,500
still going strong so it's amazing and

484
00:21:14,749 --> 00:21:12,690
now I somehow found out about your

485
00:21:17,180 --> 00:21:14,759
podcast and actually listened to the

486
00:21:19,490 --> 00:21:17,190
very first one when it came out I think

487
00:21:21,049 --> 00:21:19,500
I wrote that in the email to you I was

488
00:21:23,119 --> 00:21:21,059
in about living in California at the

489
00:21:24,950 --> 00:21:23,129
time and it was my son who contacted me

490
00:21:27,799 --> 00:21:24,960
said hey check out this new podcast is

491
00:21:30,049 --> 00:21:27,809
coming out and so I think it was maybe

492
00:21:31,519 --> 00:21:30,059
either the first or second episode but I

493
00:21:34,100 --> 00:21:31,529
do remember I did listen to the first

494
00:21:36,799 --> 00:21:34,110
episode so um and you pretty much state

495
00:21:37,970 --> 00:21:36,809
very consistent I know you went to you

496
00:21:39,350 --> 00:21:37,980
changed a little bit you were doing

497
00:21:41,090 --> 00:21:39,360
Google Hangouts with a whole bunch of

498
00:21:43,610 --> 00:21:41,100
people at one time I remember that

499
00:21:45,320 --> 00:21:43,620
transition and then now it's back to

500
00:21:45,680 --> 00:21:45,330
just you and Pamela again it's really

501
00:21:53,360 --> 00:21:45,690
good

502
00:21:55,999 --> 00:21:53,370
doing what we used to do the shows like

503
00:21:58,249 --> 00:21:56,009
we would record the episode over Skype

504
00:22:01,789 --> 00:21:58,259
kind of like what you're doing but we

505
00:22:03,259 --> 00:22:01,799
would you know it was just a utility for

506
00:22:05,810 --> 00:22:03,269
us to be able to record the show and

507
00:22:07,279 --> 00:22:05,820
then when it was done we would process

508
00:22:09,200 --> 00:22:07,289
the audio and release it as a podcast

509
00:22:11,899 --> 00:22:09,210
and then at some point I think in like

510
00:22:13,970 --> 00:22:11,909
2011 2012 I had the bright idea that we

511
00:22:19,999 --> 00:22:13,980
should switch to doing this show was a

512
00:22:24,350 --> 00:22:20,009
live show to bring in the the live

513
00:22:26,570 --> 00:22:24,360
audience aspect of it and and I that set

514
00:22:28,730 --> 00:22:26,580
us on a whole new path and we still do

515
00:22:32,180 --> 00:22:28,740
it so every episode we do is a live

516
00:22:33,740 --> 00:22:32,190
episode half an hour of it is is the two

517
00:22:35,029 --> 00:22:33,750
of us hanging out and doing the actual

518
00:22:37,129 --> 00:22:35,039
episode and the other half hours that's

519
00:22:38,630 --> 00:22:37,139
just answering questions and interacting

520
00:22:41,810 --> 00:22:38,640
with the audience and

521
00:22:45,530 --> 00:22:41,820
it's there is nothing like doing a live

522
00:22:46,850 --> 00:22:45,540
show for for helping you focusing your

523
00:22:48,380 --> 00:22:46,860
brain helping you understand what you

524
00:22:50,780 --> 00:22:48,390
don't what you don't know because you're

525
00:22:52,720 --> 00:22:50,790
you're on the spot all the time and so I

526
00:22:55,010 --> 00:22:52,730
highly recommend it for anybody who

527
00:22:59,210 --> 00:22:55,020
wants to create some kind of content and

528
00:23:01,880 --> 00:22:59,220
and wants to take their I guess what

529
00:23:03,560 --> 00:23:01,890
they do to the next level turn it into a

530
00:23:05,740 --> 00:23:03,570
live show and answer people's questions

531
00:23:08,780 --> 00:23:05,750
and you will be amazed at how quickly

532
00:23:11,030 --> 00:23:08,790
all of the puzzle pieces fit into your

533
00:23:12,260 --> 00:23:11,040
into your brain but but I think you're

534
00:23:13,580 --> 00:23:12,270
what you're probably talking about is

535
00:23:15,740 --> 00:23:13,590
the weekly space hangout so that's a

536
00:23:18,260 --> 00:23:15,750
separate show which is very similar to

537
00:23:19,880 --> 00:23:18,270
your news part where different space

538
00:23:22,700 --> 00:23:19,890
journalists join me and we talked about

539
00:23:24,230 --> 00:23:22,710
the big events of the week and and so

540
00:23:25,370 --> 00:23:24,240
there's sort of - shall we do so many

541
00:23:27,320 --> 00:23:25,380
shows now it's kind of hard to keep

542
00:23:30,080 --> 00:23:27,330
track of them all yes and you have your

543
00:23:32,030 --> 00:23:30,090
own YouTube channel which is a very very

544
00:23:33,970 --> 00:23:32,040
active it and by the way really nice

545
00:23:36,850 --> 00:23:33,980
production on your videos on that -

546
00:23:39,350 --> 00:23:36,860
thank you so much a lot of work on that

547
00:23:40,549 --> 00:23:39,360
yeah yeah I know and it's it's funny if

548
00:23:42,560 --> 00:23:40,559
you go right back to the beginning you

549
00:23:44,470 --> 00:23:42,570
can see our first experiments they were

550
00:23:47,510 --> 00:23:44,480
a couple of minutes long and it was me

551
00:23:48,919 --> 00:23:47,520
sort of slouching in a forest and we

552
00:23:51,860 --> 00:23:48,929
showed a couple of pictures and now the

553
00:23:52,549 --> 00:23:51,870
new ones are 15 sometimes 20 minutes

554
00:23:56,390 --> 00:23:52,559
long

555
00:23:58,520 --> 00:23:56,400
very 4k video almost the entire thing

556
00:24:00,919 --> 00:23:58,530
has just really beautiful background

557
00:24:03,919 --> 00:24:00,929
graphics that we're using so so it's in

558
00:24:06,860 --> 00:24:03,929
this learning probably took us 360

559
00:24:08,390 --> 00:24:06,870
episodes to to learn know all the little

560
00:24:11,419 --> 00:24:08,400
lessons that we wanted to get to where

561
00:24:13,970 --> 00:24:11,429
we are now and we're only really still a

562
00:24:16,669 --> 00:24:13,980
tiny piece along the journey as we learn

563
00:24:18,260 --> 00:24:16,679
to make better space content yes

564
00:24:20,810 --> 00:24:18,270
well by the way I do agree with you

565
00:24:23,510 --> 00:24:20,820
about the live show aspect I've been

566
00:24:24,950 --> 00:24:23,520
doing I don't know maybe three years or

567
00:24:27,980 --> 00:24:24,960
something like that live maybe longer

568
00:24:29,600 --> 00:24:27,990
live shows and it's horrifying but at

569
00:24:32,240 --> 00:24:29,610
the same time you're right it keeps you

570
00:24:34,280 --> 00:24:32,250
sharp and and I like won't go back to a

571
00:24:36,470 --> 00:24:34,290
recorded show now unless I have to for

572
00:24:38,030 --> 00:24:36,480
some reason yeah there's something nice

573
00:24:41,000 --> 00:24:38,040
to be able to just like record the show

574
00:24:43,220 --> 00:24:41,010
it's done no it's not - you have to edit

575
00:24:47,570 --> 00:24:43,230
it it's just finished you did it I move

576
00:24:48,650 --> 00:24:47,580
on right right so I in our conversation

577
00:24:51,350 --> 00:24:48,660
ahead of the show I mentioned to you

578
00:24:51,900 --> 00:24:51,360
that I wanted to discuss you fos for a

579
00:24:54,630 --> 00:24:51,910
little bit

580
00:24:56,130 --> 00:24:54,640
show and and then I have a whole bunch

581
00:24:58,290 --> 00:24:56,140
of space stuff I'd like to talk about

582
00:25:01,100 --> 00:24:58,300
sure however you want to balance it out

583
00:25:04,470 --> 00:25:01,110
I'm cool with either either topic okay

584
00:25:06,690 --> 00:25:04,480
I'm a fan of I'm not I wouldn't even

585
00:25:08,160 --> 00:25:06,700
call myself an amateur astronomer or

586
00:25:10,230 --> 00:25:08,170
anything like that I'm just a fan of

587
00:25:14,040 --> 00:25:10,240
astronomy that's the best way I'd put it

588
00:25:15,870 --> 00:25:14,050
and I'm also I'm not a ufologist so to

589
00:25:17,730 --> 00:25:15,880
speak I'm someone that talks to people

590
00:25:20,610 --> 00:25:17,740
about UFOs and gets their ideas and

591
00:25:24,750 --> 00:25:20,620
that's why I have all kinds of people on

592
00:25:28,260 --> 00:25:24,760
the show I did my first UFO debate when

593
00:25:31,590 --> 00:25:28,270
I was only 20 episodes in with dr. seth

594
00:25:36,090 --> 00:25:31,600
shostack at SETI and he really crushed

595
00:25:37,740 --> 00:25:36,100
me that was so and I'm not saying that

596
00:25:41,310 --> 00:25:37,750
I'm good at debating and I'm not really

597
00:25:44,970 --> 00:25:41,320
looking for a debate but I in our email

598
00:25:46,500 --> 00:25:44,980
exchange I sense that you were did not

599
00:25:48,870 --> 00:25:46,510
think there was anything to the UFO

600
00:25:53,460 --> 00:25:48,880
topic so I guess I'll ask you do you

601
00:25:56,010 --> 00:25:53,470
think there's anything to UFOs no I and

602
00:25:57,930 --> 00:25:56,020
we can kind of go into it for sure and I

603
00:26:00,780 --> 00:25:57,940
can sort of explain my perspective on it

604
00:26:03,720 --> 00:26:00,790
but but do I think that the earth is

605
00:26:06,810 --> 00:26:03,730
being regularly visited by aliens from

606
00:26:09,660 --> 00:26:06,820
another world no I don't think so is

607
00:26:11,540 --> 00:26:09,670
that this or and and and to sort of more

608
00:26:14,820 --> 00:26:11,550
specifically say it is that I am

609
00:26:18,360 --> 00:26:14,830
unconvinced of any of the evidence that

610
00:26:20,820 --> 00:26:18,370
says that we are that's also all right

611
00:26:26,070 --> 00:26:20,830
there is nothing that okay oh go ahead

612
00:26:28,590 --> 00:26:26,080
yeah what about people that are really

613
00:26:30,420 --> 00:26:28,600
have to have real credible people that

614
00:26:32,370 --> 00:26:30,430
have had really credible sightings that

615
00:26:33,930 --> 00:26:32,380
are unexplainable and sometimes mass

616
00:26:35,850 --> 00:26:33,940
sightings I mean I could go into a

617
00:26:36,540 --> 00:26:35,860
number of sightings and I'm not saying

618
00:26:38,610 --> 00:26:36,550
that there

619
00:26:41,040 --> 00:26:38,620
I'm not also jumping on the alien

620
00:26:43,020 --> 00:26:41,050
bandwagon because I don't care how long

621
00:26:45,540 --> 00:26:43,030
anyone's been doing what I'm doing as

622
00:26:47,190 --> 00:26:45,550
far as I know no one really knows what's

623
00:26:49,560 --> 00:26:47,200
going on but they know something's going

624
00:26:51,510 --> 00:26:49,570
on and that's and that's you know the

625
00:26:54,120 --> 00:26:51,520
questions I'd like to ask you what do

626
00:26:56,220 --> 00:26:54,130
you think is there something to the

627
00:26:58,260 --> 00:26:56,230
sightings that the 30,000 sightings a

628
00:27:00,090 --> 00:26:58,270
year or whatever it is with a small

629
00:27:01,500 --> 00:27:00,100
portion of them unexplainable do you

630
00:27:02,970 --> 00:27:01,510
think there's something yeah I mean I

631
00:27:05,400 --> 00:27:02,980
think it's important to just go back to

632
00:27:09,000 --> 00:27:05,410
the term right unidentified flying

633
00:27:11,340 --> 00:27:09,010
so so things are unidentified and they

634
00:27:13,110 --> 00:27:11,350
are flying and they are objects and I

635
00:27:15,300 --> 00:27:13,120
think it's a perfectly rational way to

636
00:27:16,470 --> 00:27:15,310
describe a thing that's flying through

637
00:27:20,730 --> 00:27:16,480
the air that you don't know what it is

638
00:27:23,310 --> 00:27:20,740
and and and so for you to then for

639
00:27:25,140 --> 00:27:23,320
anybody to make a to then take that and

640
00:27:30,180 --> 00:27:25,150
make a leap to say that they know what

641
00:27:31,980 --> 00:27:30,190
it is that is that is sort of jumping to

642
00:27:34,230 --> 00:27:31,990
a conclusion before you've gathered the

643
00:27:38,610 --> 00:27:34,240
evidence for for what it is that you

644
00:27:40,920 --> 00:27:38,620
found and the most fundamental question

645
00:27:43,710 --> 00:27:40,930
the deepest most important question that

646
00:27:46,710 --> 00:27:43,720
we can ask ourselves as human beings as

647
00:27:49,290 --> 00:27:46,720
as sentient creatures here in this tiny

648
00:27:53,580 --> 00:27:49,300
rock floating in the middle of this vast

649
00:27:55,410 --> 00:27:53,590
cosmos is are we alone right it is the

650
00:27:58,920 --> 00:27:55,420
most it is the most important question

651
00:28:01,410 --> 00:27:58,930
that we can possibly ask and and it's

652
00:28:05,370 --> 00:28:01,420
it's definitely not an understatement to

653
00:28:08,460 --> 00:28:05,380
say that I've dedicated my life to to

654
00:28:11,280 --> 00:28:08,470
helping in that search to helping to

655
00:28:15,120 --> 00:28:11,290
communicate that search to help people

656
00:28:18,720 --> 00:28:15,130
sort of come to grips with the the

657
00:28:20,910 --> 00:28:18,730
wonder and scale of this search for life

658
00:28:23,160 --> 00:28:20,920
in the universe I would say probably a

659
00:28:26,160 --> 00:28:23,170
third or a quarter of the episodes that

660
00:28:31,230 --> 00:28:26,170
I do on my youtube channel are in some

661
00:28:33,240 --> 00:28:31,240
way connected to this topic so there is

662
00:28:35,120 --> 00:28:33,250
in my mind no more important question

663
00:28:38,970 --> 00:28:35,130
that you can possibly ask it it

664
00:28:44,340 --> 00:28:38,980
fascinates me it's the paradox of why we

665
00:28:45,930 --> 00:28:44,350
don't have evidence for aliens haunts me

666
00:28:47,550 --> 00:28:45,940
you always go back to that arthur c

667
00:28:49,980 --> 00:28:47,560
clarke question like you do the universe

668
00:28:55,440 --> 00:28:49,990
is there were alone in the universe and

669
00:28:58,020 --> 00:28:55,450
all that yeah yeah right like if we're

670
00:29:00,120 --> 00:28:58,030
alone that's weird because the universe

671
00:29:02,090 --> 00:29:00,130
is big and it's old and life on Earth

672
00:29:05,730 --> 00:29:02,100
form the moment that it could have and

673
00:29:07,770 --> 00:29:05,740
there's no reason under the laws of

674
00:29:09,390 --> 00:29:07,780
physics why aliens why there shouldn't

675
00:29:11,070 --> 00:29:09,400
be a way that a technological

676
00:29:15,240 --> 00:29:11,080
civilization should be able to travel

677
00:29:18,720 --> 00:29:15,250
from world to world those all seem like

678
00:29:19,320 --> 00:29:18,730
they're Givens and yet where is the you

679
00:29:21,090 --> 00:29:19,330
know but then

680
00:29:22,560 --> 00:29:21,100
where is the evidence and so just just

681
00:29:25,290 --> 00:29:22,570
to finish this up and so I feel like

682
00:29:28,590 --> 00:29:25,300
with a question that's that important

683
00:29:30,900 --> 00:29:28,600
that that is that that fundamental where

684
00:29:33,810 --> 00:29:30,910
the ramifications of the answer would

685
00:29:35,100 --> 00:29:33,820
have would have implications to every

686
00:29:37,500 --> 00:29:35,110
part of our society

687
00:29:39,060 --> 00:29:37,510
you just want you want to be sure you

688
00:29:41,370 --> 00:29:39,070
want to feel like the evidence that has

689
00:29:43,890 --> 00:29:41,380
been gathered really supports the

690
00:29:48,090 --> 00:29:43,900
conclusion that it turns out we're not

691
00:29:49,320 --> 00:29:48,100
alone in the universe and so so people

692
00:29:50,730 --> 00:29:49,330
always ask me like do I believe in

693
00:29:53,340 --> 00:29:50,740
aliens and my answer is always just like

694
00:29:56,040 --> 00:29:53,350
I am unconvinced by the evidence that

695
00:29:57,570 --> 00:29:56,050
has been provided so far I absolutely

696
00:29:59,820 --> 00:29:57,580
believe that there are things that are I

697
00:30:02,730 --> 00:29:59,830
done identified and they are flying and

698
00:30:06,000 --> 00:30:02,740
they are objects but I don't have a way

699
00:30:07,710 --> 00:30:06,010
to say what they are and and and I don't

700
00:30:09,030 --> 00:30:07,720
believe that any that any of the

701
00:30:13,470 --> 00:30:09,040
evidence that has been provided so far

702
00:30:15,740 --> 00:30:13,480
indicates that they're aliens aliens

703
00:30:18,660 --> 00:30:15,750
well I'll agree with you on that because

704
00:30:20,880 --> 00:30:18,670
I also say you know I've said a number

705
00:30:22,830 --> 00:30:20,890
of times on the show that if someone

706
00:30:26,850 --> 00:30:22,840
tells you they know exactly what these

707
00:30:29,910 --> 00:30:26,860
things are then run because no one

708
00:30:31,500 --> 00:30:29,920
really knows and the reason if it does

709
00:30:35,010 --> 00:30:31,510
boil down to evidence we don't really

710
00:30:37,530 --> 00:30:35,020
know for sure but I do believe I have an

711
00:30:40,050 --> 00:30:37,540
open mind in the topic of course because

712
00:30:42,810 --> 00:30:40,060
I had a I had a go fo studying that I

713
00:30:45,390 --> 00:30:42,820
absolutely could not explain what it was

714
00:30:46,980 --> 00:30:45,400
and it it's no technology that I don't

715
00:30:50,160 --> 00:30:46,990
think we've ever had the technology that

716
00:30:54,390 --> 00:30:50,170
I saw and I do want to talk a little bit

717
00:30:56,940 --> 00:30:54,400
about that too but so I think my

718
00:30:59,840 --> 00:30:56,950
personal view is that it is it's

719
00:31:03,630 --> 00:30:59,850
possible that we are being visited by

720
00:31:05,280 --> 00:31:03,640
alien intelligence and so and the reason

721
00:31:07,670 --> 00:31:05,290
I think it's possible is a number of

722
00:31:09,780 --> 00:31:07,680
reasons first of all we're very young

723
00:31:11,550 --> 00:31:09,790
civilization compared to what could be

724
00:31:14,970 --> 00:31:11,560
out there I mean we're a young solar

725
00:31:18,750 --> 00:31:14,980
system so and on and on and if you think

726
00:31:19,650 --> 00:31:18,760
about if some 150 years ago if we handed

727
00:31:22,080 --> 00:31:19,660
the Milwaukee talkie

728
00:31:23,520 --> 00:31:22,090
today's walkie talkie you know that they

729
00:31:26,700 --> 00:31:23,530
wouldn't understand it you know perhaps

730
00:31:28,650 --> 00:31:26,710
an intelligence out there has and I

731
00:31:30,630 --> 00:31:28,660
think you kind of alluded to this has

732
00:31:32,670 --> 00:31:30,640
learned how to travel the Stars has

733
00:31:33,330 --> 00:31:32,680
learned the physics of how to do it what

734
00:31:36,180 --> 00:31:33,340
other it's been

735
00:31:39,870 --> 00:31:36,190
spacetime whatever it is so it is

736
00:31:43,440 --> 00:31:39,880
possible that we could be being visited

737
00:31:46,200 --> 00:31:43,450
otherwise we have to come up with what

738
00:31:48,120 --> 00:31:46,210
what else you know what other thoughts

739
00:31:49,920 --> 00:31:48,130
could it be could it be interdimensional

740
00:31:52,590 --> 00:31:49,930
there's people that think it could be

741
00:31:54,150 --> 00:31:52,600
that or time travel or you know all

742
00:31:57,350 --> 00:31:54,160
kinds of things but there's definitely

743
00:31:59,520 --> 00:31:57,360
something weird going on and have you

744
00:32:02,520 --> 00:31:59,530
have I'm not sure that there's anything

745
00:32:04,670 --> 00:32:02,530
weird going on but so so you know we can

746
00:32:07,170 --> 00:32:04,680
even have a conversation about that but

747
00:32:08,790 --> 00:32:07,180
but it's late and until that's all it

748
00:32:14,130 --> 00:32:08,800
really it's just like what does it take

749
00:32:17,130 --> 00:32:14,140
to convince you right so so if you if if

750
00:32:20,850 --> 00:32:17,140
you show me a box and the box is closed

751
00:32:23,580 --> 00:32:20,860
and you say what's in the box my answer

752
00:32:24,960 --> 00:32:23,590
is I don't know right I can make some

753
00:32:26,370 --> 00:32:24,970
guesses about the size of things that

754
00:32:27,900 --> 00:32:26,380
could be in there but really at the end

755
00:32:29,820 --> 00:32:27,910
the answer is I don't know one until I

756
00:32:32,340 --> 00:32:29,830
can open the box and look inside and

757
00:32:35,070 --> 00:32:32,350
study then I can make some conclusions

758
00:32:38,190 --> 00:32:35,080
and so I feel like the only honest

759
00:32:40,530 --> 00:32:38,200
answer to say is I don't know and then I

760
00:32:43,050 --> 00:32:40,540
let the evidence convince me either way

761
00:32:44,670 --> 00:32:43,060
right so if if if something can be

762
00:32:47,070 --> 00:32:44,680
provided that is compelling evidence and

763
00:32:52,260 --> 00:32:47,080
I will change my position and heartbeat

764
00:32:54,300 --> 00:32:52,270
right you have experienced or you

765
00:32:57,140 --> 00:32:54,310
believe or that you have seen something

766
00:33:01,350 --> 00:32:57,150
that you know that you couldn't explain

767
00:33:04,650 --> 00:33:01,360
but but you can't make the leap or I

768
00:33:06,090 --> 00:33:04,660
don't think it's the right thing to make

769
00:33:08,160 --> 00:33:06,100
the leap to then D and then you know

770
00:33:10,170 --> 00:33:08,170
what it is because then that closes you

771
00:33:12,900 --> 00:33:10,180
down to the possibilities for what it

772
00:33:14,550 --> 00:33:12,910
could be sure and so it's sort of more

773
00:33:16,470 --> 00:33:14,560
like for now you're like I saw something

774
00:33:21,650 --> 00:33:16,480
super weird and I don't know what it was

775
00:33:26,220 --> 00:33:21,660
and until I have some way of knowing

776
00:33:28,350 --> 00:33:26,230
that trail ends there for now and then

777
00:33:29,880 --> 00:33:28,360
hopefully later on something some new

778
00:33:31,920 --> 00:33:29,890
piece of information is gonna come your

779
00:33:33,240 --> 00:33:31,930
way someone's gonna go oh turns out

780
00:33:35,130 --> 00:33:33,250
there's a flight that was going here was

781
00:33:37,290 --> 00:33:35,140
a new stealth bomber that was being

782
00:33:38,610 --> 00:33:37,300
tested by the the Air Force and they've

783
00:33:40,560 --> 00:33:38,620
written you a personal letter and

784
00:33:42,540 --> 00:33:40,570
they've apologized for freaking you out

785
00:33:45,180 --> 00:33:42,550
and here's all the evidence you're like

786
00:33:47,160 --> 00:33:45,190
oh okay new stealth aircraft got it

787
00:33:50,460 --> 00:33:47,170
okay evidence supplied and now I'm can

788
00:33:51,780 --> 00:33:50,470
minced but until then yeah it has to

789
00:33:55,290 --> 00:33:51,790
remain in me in the I don't know

790
00:33:59,070 --> 00:33:55,300
category right have you heard of the you

791
00:34:01,980 --> 00:33:59,080
USS Nimitz case in 2004 there was a lot

792
00:34:05,370 --> 00:34:01,990
of talk about it that was you know the

793
00:34:07,980 --> 00:34:05,380
Navy was involved and there was there

794
00:34:09,990 --> 00:34:07,990
was some filming how about did you

795
00:34:12,570 --> 00:34:10,000
happen to pay attention when the the

796
00:34:15,720 --> 00:34:12,580
story came out December 16th last year

797
00:34:18,060 --> 00:34:15,730
about the Pentagon's search for UFOs I'd

798
00:34:19,950 --> 00:34:18,070
heard a bit about this yeah and you know

799
00:34:21,900 --> 00:34:19,960
I didn't look too deeply into it because

800
00:34:25,440 --> 00:34:21,910
it looked to me like a lot of blobs

801
00:34:27,540 --> 00:34:25,450
moving on on a TV screen so on the

802
00:34:29,010 --> 00:34:27,550
particular that particular video about

803
00:34:32,400 --> 00:34:29,020
faith just the fact that they were

804
00:34:35,250 --> 00:34:32,410
looking into the into the topic alone

805
00:34:38,220 --> 00:34:35,260
yeah they actually and you can see why

806
00:34:42,480 --> 00:34:38,230
they would write like like again the

807
00:34:45,180 --> 00:34:42,490
existence of aliens capable of traveling

808
00:34:47,280 --> 00:34:45,190
from world to world means someone

809
00:34:48,570 --> 00:34:47,290
essentially is technologically way

810
00:34:50,240 --> 00:34:48,580
beyond anything that we can possibly

811
00:34:55,680 --> 00:34:50,250
comprehend it would be a serious threat

812
00:34:57,630 --> 00:34:55,690
to earth and to the existing nations and

813
00:34:59,790 --> 00:34:57,640
and all of that right it would be a it

814
00:35:02,370 --> 00:34:59,800
would be an existential threat so it

815
00:35:04,890 --> 00:35:02,380
definitely makes sense to have a look

816
00:35:06,390 --> 00:35:04,900
around to just see if you can understand

817
00:35:08,490 --> 00:35:06,400
what's going on there and then gather

818
00:35:12,120 --> 00:35:08,500
any evidence that you can find that's

819
00:35:14,480 --> 00:35:12,130
right so let's see I think it was called

820
00:35:18,690 --> 00:35:14,490
something like the advanced aerospace

821
00:35:20,430 --> 00:35:18,700
threat investigation program I believe

822
00:35:21,900 --> 00:35:20,440
that's what they call that so I had

823
00:35:24,660 --> 00:35:21,910
threat right in the work you know right

824
00:35:27,300 --> 00:35:24,670
in the title mm-hmm which yeah doesn't

825
00:35:28,350 --> 00:35:27,310
make total sense yeah and if I was part

826
00:35:31,290 --> 00:35:28,360
of the Defense Department I would

827
00:35:33,450 --> 00:35:31,300
absolutely throw some money to some

828
00:35:35,580 --> 00:35:33,460
astronomers to point their telescopes in

829
00:35:37,500 --> 00:35:35,590
this guy and see if there's anything out

830
00:35:40,350 --> 00:35:37,510
there and you know there have been

831
00:35:44,150 --> 00:35:40,360
plenty of civilian attempts to perform

832
00:35:46,290 --> 00:35:44,160
really comprehensive searches of the sky

833
00:35:48,540 --> 00:35:46,300
you know some really interesting stuff

834
00:35:51,930 --> 00:35:48,550
that I love to report on there's a lot

835
00:35:55,020 --> 00:35:51,940
of really great people are searching for

836
00:35:58,200 --> 00:35:55,030
evidence of advanced civilizations that

837
00:35:59,730 --> 00:35:58,210
have that have sort of messed up their

838
00:36:01,739 --> 00:35:59,740
atmospheres to the point that we could

839
00:36:03,870 --> 00:36:01,749
actually detect them

840
00:36:05,489 --> 00:36:03,880
other you know the kinds of

841
00:36:08,640 --> 00:36:05,499
civilizations that maybe have enclosed

842
00:36:13,140 --> 00:36:08,650
their entire star in a in a Dyson Sphere

843
00:36:16,019 --> 00:36:13,150
too to be able to utilize all the power

844
00:36:19,919 --> 00:36:16,029
coming from the star other potentially a

845
00:36:22,739 --> 00:36:19,929
civilization has wrapped up all of their

846
00:36:24,689 --> 00:36:22,749
stars in their entire galaxy in Dyson

847
00:36:25,829 --> 00:36:24,699
spheres and and these are the kind they

848
00:36:28,019 --> 00:36:25,839
would actually give off a fairly

849
00:36:30,059 --> 00:36:28,029
telltale signature that we could see

850
00:36:31,499 --> 00:36:30,069
here on earth and comprehensive searches

851
00:36:32,999 --> 00:36:31,509
have actually been done for a lot of

852
00:36:35,309 --> 00:36:33,009
this stuff I think you've actually

853
00:36:37,919 --> 00:36:35,319
talked about that on your show the type

854
00:36:40,049 --> 00:36:37,929
1 type 2 submissions that type of thing

855
00:36:41,939 --> 00:36:40,059
yeah yeah I think that's really

856
00:36:43,679 --> 00:36:41,949
fascinating in I know there was some

857
00:36:46,229 --> 00:36:43,689
question out there I think it was am I

858
00:36:50,219 --> 00:36:46,239
thinking the tabie star where there was

859
00:36:51,989 --> 00:36:50,229
a strange yeah yeah yeah and that you

860
00:36:54,689 --> 00:36:51,999
know one possibility for that was that

861
00:36:56,880 --> 00:36:54,699
it was a an alien mega-structure in the

862
00:36:59,549 --> 00:36:56,890
process of construction which is a

863
00:37:02,429 --> 00:36:59,559
pretty fascinating and incredibly

864
00:37:03,959 --> 00:37:02,439
unlikely answer for for it you know the

865
00:37:06,120 --> 00:37:03,969
other answer was that it's probably dust

866
00:37:08,759 --> 00:37:06,130
and now it turns out that it was dust

867
00:37:11,339 --> 00:37:08,769
yeah yeah they did Mike for the person

868
00:37:13,709 --> 00:37:11,349
that isn't aware they did make more of a

869
00:37:19,009 --> 00:37:13,719
comprehensive discovery of what that

870
00:37:21,390 --> 00:37:19,019
actually was but so do you think that

871
00:37:24,029 --> 00:37:21,400
programs like SETI do you think programs

872
00:37:26,429 --> 00:37:24,039
like SETI have a good value or do that

873
00:37:28,140 --> 00:37:26,439
absolutely you do good yeah yeah I mean

874
00:37:30,120 --> 00:37:28,150
look it back to what I said right is the

875
00:37:31,769 --> 00:37:30,130
most important question that we could

876
00:37:34,559 --> 00:37:31,779
possibly you know is it important to

877
00:37:36,329 --> 00:37:34,569
spend energy and money on them on that

878
00:37:39,209 --> 00:37:36,339
fundamental question absolutely and

879
00:37:41,669 --> 00:37:39,219
there are some incredible ways that that

880
00:37:43,769 --> 00:37:41,679
we should be doing this SETI is just one

881
00:37:47,370 --> 00:37:43,779
the SETI Institute is doing wonderful

882
00:37:49,529 --> 00:37:47,380
work trying to point more and more radio

883
00:37:51,689 --> 00:37:49,539
telescopes at more and more stars to try

884
00:37:53,219 --> 00:37:51,699
and and see if you can detect any

885
00:37:58,319 --> 00:37:53,229
signals that would be coming from these

886
00:38:00,149 --> 00:37:58,329
other stars there there are new space

887
00:38:02,309 --> 00:38:00,159
telescopes in the works like the James

888
00:38:05,189 --> 00:38:02,319
Webb Space Telescope and one of its

889
00:38:07,380 --> 00:38:05,199
abilities is going to be to scan the

890
00:38:08,029 --> 00:38:07,390
atmosphere of planets orbiting other

891
00:38:11,689 --> 00:38:08,039
stars

892
00:38:14,670 --> 00:38:11,699
searching for bio signatures looking for

893
00:38:17,490 --> 00:38:14,680
evidence that there is

894
00:38:19,320 --> 00:38:17,500
some kind of life there that is it you

895
00:38:20,490 --> 00:38:19,330
know modifying the atmosphere of their

896
00:38:24,570 --> 00:38:20,500
planet

897
00:38:26,460 --> 00:38:24,580
you've got other ideas like just and

898
00:38:29,310 --> 00:38:26,470
other methods of searching for life here

899
00:38:31,650 --> 00:38:29,320
in the solar system you've got the the

900
00:38:32,490 --> 00:38:31,660
Mars rovers which are searching on the

901
00:38:35,370 --> 00:38:32,500
surface of Mars

902
00:38:38,160 --> 00:38:35,380
you've got instruments searching the

903
00:38:40,440 --> 00:38:38,170
methane in the Martian atmosphere which

904
00:38:44,190 --> 00:38:40,450
could potentially be a byproduct of life

905
00:38:45,990 --> 00:38:44,200
and then you've got the the potential

906
00:38:49,200 --> 00:38:46,000
for life in some of these icy ocean

907
00:38:52,380 --> 00:38:49,210
world like Enceladus and Europa and NASA

908
00:38:54,780 --> 00:38:52,390
sending a mission back to Europa whose

909
00:38:57,630 --> 00:38:54,790
job is to fly through and near these

910
00:39:01,140 --> 00:38:57,640
amazing pollutants that are of water ice

911
00:39:04,230 --> 00:39:01,150
they're spewing out of of Europa to

912
00:39:09,390 --> 00:39:04,240
sense if there's the chemicals of life

913
00:39:11,760 --> 00:39:09,400
in there so they're I you know if I

914
00:39:13,950 --> 00:39:11,770
could move wave a magic wand and

915
00:39:15,630 --> 00:39:13,960
increase budget I would I would really

916
00:39:18,750 --> 00:39:15,640
love to increase the budget that's going

917
00:39:22,110 --> 00:39:18,760
to SETI to a lot of these because we are

918
00:39:24,090 --> 00:39:22,120
now in striking distance of of getting

919
00:39:27,180 --> 00:39:24,100
an answer to this question if if we're

920
00:39:28,740 --> 00:39:27,190
alone like amazingly and I bring up this

921
00:39:30,300 --> 00:39:28,750
stack is it so wonderful there's a

922
00:39:32,580 --> 00:39:30,310
there's a next generation telescope

923
00:39:34,800 --> 00:39:32,590
that's gonna come out after James Webb

924
00:39:40,320 --> 00:39:34,810
called the Louvre are the large

925
00:39:43,740 --> 00:39:40,330
ultraviolet infrared telescope okay and

926
00:39:45,870 --> 00:39:43,750
it is it's gonna be an 18 meter 15 to 18

927
00:39:48,870 --> 00:39:45,880
meter Space Telescope so when you

928
00:39:53,210 --> 00:39:48,880
consider the Hubble is 2.6 meters James

929
00:39:56,160 --> 00:39:53,220
Webb is like seven meters this would be

930
00:39:57,990 --> 00:39:56,170
you know a dramatically larger amount of

931
00:40:00,300 --> 00:39:58,000
resolving power and one of the things

932
00:40:02,640 --> 00:40:00,310
that it should be able to do is observe

933
00:40:06,900 --> 00:40:02,650
the atmospheres of enough worlds around

934
00:40:08,700 --> 00:40:06,910
us to know with 90% accuracy whether

935
00:40:10,920 --> 00:40:08,710
there's life on any of those other

936
00:40:13,980 --> 00:40:10,930
worlds or essentially to know for a loan

937
00:40:18,840 --> 00:40:13,990
in the universe so we within 20 years

938
00:40:21,660 --> 00:40:18,850
can answer to a 90% accuracy to say

939
00:40:23,520 --> 00:40:21,670
we're alone or actually here's how many

940
00:40:25,920 --> 00:40:23,530
worlds this is what percentage of worlds

941
00:40:27,640 --> 00:40:25,930
have life on them and even here's what

942
00:40:29,410 --> 00:40:27,650
percentage of worlds out there have in

943
00:40:32,740 --> 00:40:29,420
industrial civilizations on them so it's

944
00:40:35,700 --> 00:40:32,750
a it's an amazing time we are just

945
00:40:38,260 --> 00:40:35,710
decades now away from being able to get

946
00:40:39,940 --> 00:40:38,270
answers to what thought what we used to

947
00:40:43,840 --> 00:40:39,950
think we're philosophical questions

948
00:40:46,330 --> 00:40:43,850
right right just I want to go back to

949
00:40:49,000 --> 00:40:46,340
Martha in just a little bit because I

950
00:40:51,670 --> 00:40:49,010
have some questions about that but I

951
00:40:54,190 --> 00:40:51,680
just wanted to talk quick story on

952
00:40:56,500 --> 00:40:54,200
something you said reminded me of it

953
00:40:57,940 --> 00:40:56,510
so a friend of the show became a friend

954
00:41:01,090 --> 00:40:57,950
of the show because he was actually an

955
00:41:03,910 --> 00:41:01,100
astronomer in England and his story when

956
00:41:05,740 --> 00:41:03,920
he he started listening to my show and

957
00:41:07,690 --> 00:41:05,750
he wrote me an email and he actually

958
00:41:12,100 --> 00:41:07,700
came on the show and did astronomy news

959
00:41:14,410 --> 00:41:12,110
basically for a while but anyway the

960
00:41:15,940 --> 00:41:14,420
reason he got in touch with me and all

961
00:41:18,160 --> 00:41:15,950
that he was he was telling me he was

962
00:41:20,170 --> 00:41:18,170
walking across he didn't say a field

963
00:41:22,960 --> 00:41:20,180
whatever it was in England with his

964
00:41:24,790 --> 00:41:22,970
telescope over a tripod over his

965
00:41:27,160 --> 00:41:24,800
shoulder and he said all of a sudden

966
00:41:29,800 --> 00:41:27,170
this big huge it looked like half a mile

967
00:41:34,810 --> 00:41:29,810
wide triangle glided right over him and

968
00:41:38,590 --> 00:41:34,820
he says okay you know so that really got

969
00:41:41,980 --> 00:41:38,600
him interested in the topic again we're

970
00:41:43,990 --> 00:41:41,990
not saying I'm like I'm I agree with you

971
00:41:47,650 --> 00:41:44,000
that it's someone shouldn't jump on the

972
00:41:50,260 --> 00:41:47,660
alien bandwagon right away but when

973
00:41:52,600 --> 00:41:50,270
people are having such strange things

974
00:41:55,150 --> 00:41:52,610
are you saying basically that you don't

975
00:41:57,640 --> 00:41:55,160
want to try to guess what it is you just

976
00:41:59,470 --> 00:41:57,650
know that it could be something yeah I

977
00:42:02,700 --> 00:41:59,480
mean that's that's I think that's the

978
00:42:05,850 --> 00:42:02,710
best way to describe it is like like

979
00:42:08,980 --> 00:42:05,860
like if a person says they saw a thing

980
00:42:11,200 --> 00:42:08,990
right then you've got two options one is

981
00:42:12,550 --> 00:42:11,210
they're not they're lying and you know

982
00:42:14,590 --> 00:42:12,560
obviously there's examples of people

983
00:42:16,840 --> 00:42:14,600
making hoax videos and you know that's

984
00:42:18,790 --> 00:42:16,850
definitely happened you look at crop

985
00:42:20,950 --> 00:42:18,800
circles and I mean the people who made

986
00:42:22,600 --> 00:42:20,960
crop circles keep trying to tell people

987
00:42:22,960 --> 00:42:22,610
how they do it and nobody will listen

988
00:42:25,240 --> 00:42:22,970
now

989
00:42:26,650 --> 00:42:25,250
right then we'll believe them that

990
00:42:28,090 --> 00:42:26,660
they're the ones who invented crop

991
00:42:32,140 --> 00:42:28,100
circles they show you exactly how they

992
00:42:34,840 --> 00:42:32,150
did it and but but you but or they saw

993
00:42:37,420 --> 00:42:34,850
something until then so then the

994
00:42:39,670 --> 00:42:37,430
question is what did they see is the

995
00:42:41,530 --> 00:42:39,680
thing did they misunderstand what it was

996
00:42:44,170 --> 00:42:41,540
that they saw and plenty of people see

997
00:42:47,530 --> 00:42:44,180
Venus or the International Space Station

998
00:42:49,960 --> 00:42:47,540
which are surprisingly bright I've had a

999
00:42:51,550 --> 00:42:49,970
few people email me and go like I'm I

1000
00:42:55,660 --> 00:42:51,560
keep every night to keep seeing this red

1001
00:42:58,210 --> 00:42:55,670
UFO to the to the east and them well

1002
00:42:59,560 --> 00:42:58,220
that's Mars right where we're Mars is

1003
00:43:01,060 --> 00:42:59,570
that it's closest brightest point right

1004
00:43:03,010 --> 00:43:01,070
now and you can see it better than you

1005
00:43:04,180 --> 00:43:03,020
can in years and that's why you never

1006
00:43:06,280 --> 00:43:04,190
notice it before is because it's

1007
00:43:08,500 --> 00:43:06,290
actually moving so either it's a thing

1008
00:43:10,090 --> 00:43:08,510
that is is actually identified and they

1009
00:43:12,820 --> 00:43:10,100
just don't know and you can imagine a

1010
00:43:16,420 --> 00:43:12,830
triangle going over your head it could

1011
00:43:18,100 --> 00:43:16,430
be geese right we have we have that here

1012
00:43:20,020 --> 00:43:18,110
but but but let's say it's something

1013
00:43:22,030 --> 00:43:20,030
else right till then it just goes into

1014
00:43:24,460 --> 00:43:22,040
the unidentified category yeah and and

1015
00:43:25,750 --> 00:43:24,470
and unless you can have a way to go back

1016
00:43:28,150 --> 00:43:25,760
and understand it better

1017
00:43:33,730 --> 00:43:28,160
it just has to remain unidentified and

1018
00:43:35,170 --> 00:43:33,740
I'm I'm more than like again I can't

1019
00:43:40,210 --> 00:43:35,180
wait to find out the answer to these

1020
00:43:45,250 --> 00:43:40,220
questions so if if people can present

1021
00:43:46,990 --> 00:43:45,260
evidence that isn't hearsay is the bet

1022
00:43:49,720 --> 00:43:47,000
and that's really the problem is you

1023
00:43:52,600 --> 00:43:49,730
want something you want a alien hyper

1024
00:43:55,600 --> 00:43:52,610
spanner hydrospanner you want to you

1025
00:43:57,100 --> 00:43:55,610
want to have an alien that you can show

1026
00:43:59,950 --> 00:43:57,110
people you want to see the spacecraft

1027
00:44:03,190 --> 00:43:59,960
land and be able to bonk on the on the

1028
00:44:05,020 --> 00:44:03,200
door so so those are the kinds of

1029
00:44:07,990 --> 00:44:05,030
evidence those that's the evidence that

1030
00:44:11,560 --> 00:44:08,000
that then makes it a compelling answer

1031
00:44:13,960 --> 00:44:11,570
to the question what is it and until you

1032
00:44:16,720 --> 00:44:13,970
can get that answer again I just feel

1033
00:44:19,780 --> 00:44:16,730
like the the most honest response is you

1034
00:44:21,820 --> 00:44:19,790
just go mom I don't know what it is yeah

1035
00:44:24,130 --> 00:44:21,830
you know I appreciate the I don't know

1036
00:44:26,800 --> 00:44:24,140
but a lot of times when like for

1037
00:44:28,750 --> 00:44:26,810
instance this does happen a lot like my

1038
00:44:30,640 --> 00:44:28,760
friend that saw the triangle go over

1039
00:44:32,140 --> 00:44:30,650
he's not the only one a lot of people

1040
00:44:34,360 --> 00:44:32,150
are for some reason or seeing these

1041
00:44:36,370 --> 00:44:34,370
triangles I mean it's unbelievable how

1042
00:44:38,500 --> 00:44:36,380
many triangular sightings they are and a

1043
00:44:40,420 --> 00:44:38,510
lot of them have lights on them and the

1044
00:44:42,190 --> 00:44:40,430
most known one that I'm aware of well

1045
00:44:45,400 --> 00:44:42,200
there was a Belgium they called the

1046
00:44:48,610 --> 00:44:45,410
Belgium flap for back in the 90s for for

1047
00:44:50,050 --> 00:44:48,620
a few years where there were so many

1048
00:44:51,940 --> 00:44:50,060
witnesses but I don't know if he ever

1049
00:44:53,770 --> 00:44:51,950
heard of the Phoenix lights have you

1050
00:44:56,050 --> 00:44:53,780
ever heard of the Phoenix lights that

1051
00:45:00,339 --> 00:44:56,060
was a sighting in FINA

1052
00:45:02,559 --> 00:45:00,349
in March of 1997 where there was

1053
00:45:04,569 --> 00:45:02,569
possibly up to well I don't know exactly

1054
00:45:06,309 --> 00:45:04,579
how many thousand people but several

1055
00:45:09,609 --> 00:45:06,319
thousand when people were outside

1056
00:45:14,680 --> 00:45:09,619
watching the comment at the time I can't

1057
00:45:16,270 --> 00:45:14,690
remember the name of it Hatake 1997 yeah

1058
00:45:17,800 --> 00:45:16,280
Hika taki and there was Hale Bopp and

1059
00:45:20,680 --> 00:45:17,810
they all stood idle to show up sometime

1060
00:45:24,339 --> 00:45:20,690
yeah so anyway they were outside and

1061
00:45:25,599 --> 00:45:24,349
they all saw this huge some people

1062
00:45:27,640 --> 00:45:25,609
saying miles long

1063
00:45:29,980 --> 00:45:27,650
you know triangle go over then the

1064
00:45:31,660 --> 00:45:29,990
government governor of the state finally

1065
00:45:34,510 --> 00:45:31,670
came out and admitted that he was in a

1066
00:45:36,880 --> 00:45:34,520
park and watched it go over so all I'm

1067
00:45:40,930 --> 00:45:36,890
saying is I don't I under total II

1068
00:45:42,910 --> 00:45:40,940
understand that it a lien is the wrong

1069
00:45:44,920 --> 00:45:42,920
way to go with this a possibility of

1070
00:45:48,670 --> 00:45:44,930
alien in my mind is okay to go with it

1071
00:45:50,290 --> 00:45:48,680
but but a lot of times you can't say

1072
00:45:51,609 --> 00:45:50,300
something was like a flock of geese or

1073
00:45:55,359 --> 00:45:51,619
something when there's that many people

1074
00:45:56,770 --> 00:45:55,369
seeing the same thing and and again you

1075
00:45:58,990 --> 00:45:56,780
know when you look at the realm of

1076
00:46:02,740 --> 00:45:59,000
possibilities right the possibility that

1077
00:46:05,589 --> 00:46:02,750
the US Air Force has some new kind of

1078
00:46:07,809 --> 00:46:05,599
stealth bomber right we've seen them

1079
00:46:09,870 --> 00:46:07,819
they roll out a new stealth fighter and

1080
00:46:14,140 --> 00:46:09,880
they roll out a new stealth bomber so so

1081
00:46:15,520 --> 00:46:14,150
like if the the Air Force the US Air

1082
00:46:20,190 --> 00:46:15,530
Force or the Russians or the Chinese

1083
00:46:22,480 --> 00:46:20,200
have a have a new kind of aircraft that

1084
00:46:25,210 --> 00:46:22,490
no one's ever seen before and it's

1085
00:46:27,520 --> 00:46:25,220
designed to be hard to see that can also

1086
00:46:30,819 --> 00:46:27,530
explain what these things are and really

1087
00:46:33,370 --> 00:46:30,829
until you go and watch it land and come

1088
00:46:34,599 --> 00:46:33,380
over to it and and and take a sample of

1089
00:46:37,390 --> 00:46:34,609
the material that it's made of

1090
00:46:40,000 --> 00:46:37,400
it just has to remain an e in the I

1091
00:46:42,900 --> 00:46:40,010
don't know cap column and I agree with

1092
00:46:45,309 --> 00:46:42,910
that how you know in the particular case

1093
00:46:47,770 --> 00:46:45,319
everyone that I have ever heard talk

1094
00:46:49,329 --> 00:46:47,780
about seeing something triangular go

1095
00:46:52,420 --> 00:46:49,339
over they all say the same thing all the

1096
00:46:55,450 --> 00:46:52,430
way back to 1970s is there's absolutely

1097
00:46:58,180 --> 00:46:55,460
no sound and a lot of times it's gliding

1098
00:46:59,740 --> 00:46:58,190
and so there's a lot of you know it's a

1099
00:47:03,910 --> 00:46:59,750
mystery and as a matter of fact I've

1100
00:47:05,980 --> 00:47:03,920
been doing this show for seven years now

1101
00:47:08,350 --> 00:47:05,990
just about seven years now and I don't

1102
00:47:10,030 --> 00:47:08,360
know any more about it

1103
00:47:12,040 --> 00:47:10,040
what's going you know what people are

1104
00:47:13,900 --> 00:47:12,050
seeing that I did to begin with and I'm

1105
00:47:17,080 --> 00:47:13,910
not going to say that I do

1106
00:47:19,540 --> 00:47:17,090
but it's always interesting getting

1107
00:47:21,790 --> 00:47:19,550
someone like you know your your thoughts

1108
00:47:25,150 --> 00:47:21,800
on something like this and I realize

1109
00:47:27,700 --> 00:47:25,160
that I could never say hey look you know

1110
00:47:29,620 --> 00:47:27,710
maybe it's something you may want to

1111
00:47:31,570 --> 00:47:29,630
look into because you probably have no

1112
00:47:33,490 --> 00:47:31,580
interest at all but what would convince

1113
00:47:35,490 --> 00:47:33,500
you I don't have the I don't have the

1114
00:47:39,310 --> 00:47:35,500
capability to look into it

1115
00:47:42,610 --> 00:47:39,320
right I understand but all right well

1116
00:47:45,430 --> 00:47:42,620
let's just say let's say you're your

1117
00:47:46,810 --> 00:47:45,440
curiosity like it is in space in general

1118
00:47:49,420 --> 00:47:46,820
all of a sudden was sparked because you

1119
00:47:51,820 --> 00:47:49,430
saw something really really really

1120
00:47:54,100 --> 00:47:51,830
strange would you have a curiosity to

1121
00:47:55,510 --> 00:47:54,110
try to figure out what it was or would

1122
00:47:56,620 --> 00:47:55,520
it just be would you just say I don't

1123
00:48:02,320 --> 00:47:56,630
know what it wasn't that's it

1124
00:48:04,200 --> 00:48:02,330
yeah I mean I think my I'll give you

1125
00:48:06,520 --> 00:48:04,210
some examples of things that I think are

1126
00:48:07,960 --> 00:48:06,530
pretty fascinating like you think about

1127
00:48:09,940 --> 00:48:07,970
the SpaceX have you seen some of this

1128
00:48:14,290 --> 00:48:09,950
basic launches going over Los Angeles

1129
00:48:16,390 --> 00:48:14,300
and the really weird shapes that the

1130
00:48:18,580 --> 00:48:16,400
rocket plume makes spiral you know the

1131
00:48:22,540 --> 00:48:18,590
spirals and the and the really big

1132
00:48:25,210 --> 00:48:22,550
clouds they form and in those cases tens

1133
00:48:27,760 --> 00:48:25,220
of thousands of people with cell phone

1134
00:48:29,800 --> 00:48:27,770
cameras and DSLR cameras took pictures

1135
00:48:33,820 --> 00:48:29,810
and posted them to social media and you

1136
00:48:37,780 --> 00:48:33,830
saw this incredible flurry so that's the

1137
00:48:39,340 --> 00:48:37,790
kind of thing that that generated and it

1138
00:48:41,950 --> 00:48:39,350
had an answer right we knew what it was

1139
00:48:43,690 --> 00:48:41,960
it was an identified flying object so

1140
00:48:46,390 --> 00:48:43,700
yeah I don't know I mean I think that

1141
00:48:49,440 --> 00:48:46,400
that I can totally get that if a person

1142
00:48:53,470 --> 00:48:49,450
has a personal experience with something

1143
00:48:54,880 --> 00:48:53,480
then it becomes something that sort of

1144
00:48:59,920 --> 00:48:54,890
sticks in their craw and they want to

1145
00:49:01,300 --> 00:48:59,930
get to the bottom of it and and as you

1146
00:49:02,920 --> 00:49:01,310
said you know you've been going for

1147
00:49:05,080 --> 00:49:02,930
seven years I'm sure you've you've asked

1148
00:49:06,730 --> 00:49:05,090
every person that you can if they have

1149
00:49:09,670 --> 00:49:06,740
any idea what it is that you that you

1150
00:49:12,370 --> 00:49:09,680
saw and and nobody has an answer for you

1151
00:49:17,770 --> 00:49:12,380
so I would probably find it frustrating

1152
00:49:19,330 --> 00:49:17,780
and it would take over a chunk of my

1153
00:49:22,000 --> 00:49:19,340
brain every now and then kind of go what

1154
00:49:22,500 --> 00:49:22,010
was that thing that I saw so I don't

1155
00:49:24,420 --> 00:49:22,510
know I have

1156
00:49:27,210 --> 00:49:24,430
been there yet I haven't at no point has

1157
00:49:31,950 --> 00:49:27,220
has something appeared to me that I

1158
00:49:35,520 --> 00:49:31,960
haven't known what it was so far and so

1159
00:49:37,860 --> 00:49:35,530
I so you've got a genuine mystery on

1160
00:49:39,510 --> 00:49:37,870
your hands yeah and a lot of people do

1161
00:49:41,460 --> 00:49:39,520
and mm-hmm

1162
00:49:43,890 --> 00:49:41,470
you know the one thing I found when I

1163
00:49:46,200 --> 00:49:43,900
started doing this show is that there's

1164
00:49:48,540 --> 00:49:46,210
a lot of very intelligent people that

1165
00:49:50,970 --> 00:49:48,550
are fascinated with the topic and you

1166
00:49:53,340 --> 00:49:50,980
know you mentioned earlier that there

1167
00:49:56,460 --> 00:49:53,350
are people that are doing hoaxes and I

1168
00:49:59,040 --> 00:49:56,470
totally agree and I think it it it

1169
00:50:01,110 --> 00:49:59,050
muddies the water it really is hard for

1170
00:50:03,450 --> 00:50:01,120
anyone to take the topic seriously if

1171
00:50:05,940 --> 00:50:03,460
they're looking on YouTube and they know

1172
00:50:07,860 --> 00:50:05,950
all the CGI and you know all the work

1173
00:50:09,780 --> 00:50:07,870
that people do and there are some

1174
00:50:13,050 --> 00:50:09,790
channels of the three four channels that

1175
00:50:14,850 --> 00:50:13,060
have a huge amount of following that are

1176
00:50:16,800 --> 00:50:14,860
made I can think of some channels yeah

1177
00:50:18,030 --> 00:50:16,810
that I that I wish I had to kind of

1178
00:50:19,770 --> 00:50:18,040
follow you say I've got a lot of

1179
00:50:21,720 --> 00:50:19,780
followers they've got millions of

1180
00:50:24,270 --> 00:50:21,730
followers right I don't hold a candle to

1181
00:50:26,490 --> 00:50:24,280
them yeah and there they're making a ton

1182
00:50:29,070 --> 00:50:26,500
of money on hoaxing and so there is

1183
00:50:33,810 --> 00:50:29,080
there is unfortunately that's part of it

1184
00:50:35,220 --> 00:50:33,820
and there's really nothing I wouldn't

1185
00:50:37,110 --> 00:50:35,230
say that there that some of those

1186
00:50:38,880 --> 00:50:37,120
channels are making money on hoax and I

1187
00:50:40,710 --> 00:50:38,890
think that a lot of channels there there

1188
00:50:43,920 --> 00:50:40,720
are places where they are just they are

1189
00:50:46,620 --> 00:50:43,930
posing mysteries and they are kind of

1190
00:50:52,710 --> 00:50:46,630
making assertions about what is out

1191
00:50:55,230 --> 00:50:52,720
there and and then not providing the

1192
00:50:57,510 --> 00:50:55,240
evidence to match the conclusions that

1193
00:50:58,440 --> 00:50:57,520
they're stating and so you know some of

1194
00:51:00,240 --> 00:50:58,450
those channels aren't doing a very

1195
00:51:02,400 --> 00:51:00,250
rigorous job I think it's really

1196
00:51:03,750 --> 00:51:02,410
important to say I mean you listen to

1197
00:51:05,370 --> 00:51:03,760
astronomy cast and this is what we say

1198
00:51:07,470 --> 00:51:05,380
it's like it's like it's like what we

1199
00:51:11,820 --> 00:51:07,480
know and how we know what we know right

1200
00:51:13,680 --> 00:51:11,830
so if you make an assertion then then

1201
00:51:18,540 --> 00:51:13,690
you want to back up that assertion with

1202
00:51:21,660 --> 00:51:18,550
evidence and just say like the Sun is a

1203
00:51:23,280 --> 00:51:21,670
ball of hydrogen right then

1204
00:51:26,070 --> 00:51:23,290
then you want to show all the lines of

1205
00:51:28,880 --> 00:51:26,080
evidence that demonstrate that the thing

1206
00:51:30,840 --> 00:51:28,890
that you said is is a true thing and

1207
00:51:32,280 --> 00:51:30,850
otherwise you can just go back to I

1208
00:51:35,010 --> 00:51:32,290
don't know what the Sun is or I don't

1209
00:51:35,790 --> 00:51:35,020
know what came before the the universe

1210
00:51:37,560 --> 00:51:35,800
started

1211
00:51:41,460 --> 00:51:37,570
all this stuff right so that's all again

1212
00:51:44,940 --> 00:51:41,470
it's just like it's like if you if you

1213
00:51:49,080 --> 00:51:44,950
make if you make if you say something is

1214
00:51:51,570 --> 00:51:49,090
true then then how do you know that it's

1215
00:51:53,730 --> 00:51:51,580
true and that's the gap that's the step

1216
00:51:57,020 --> 00:51:53,740
that I think a lot of people don't don't

1217
00:51:59,670 --> 00:51:57,030
take yeah there are there are some shows

1218
00:52:01,620 --> 00:51:59,680
there are some channels as you say that

1219
00:52:03,570 --> 00:52:01,630
you know do that but there are there are

1220
00:52:06,690 --> 00:52:03,580
a couple there's two or three channels

1221
00:52:10,310 --> 00:52:06,700
that I have brought up the topic on this

1222
00:52:12,540 --> 00:52:10,320
show that actually do focus on hoaxing

1223
00:52:14,910 --> 00:52:12,550
you know to get there to get their

1224
00:52:17,340 --> 00:52:14,920
viewers you know and then that part is

1225
00:52:19,080 --> 00:52:17,350
unfortunate going back I said I'd talk

1226
00:52:20,880 --> 00:52:19,090
about Mars a little bit and we'll open

1227
00:52:25,170 --> 00:52:20,890
the lines up for calls in a little bit

1228
00:52:28,740 --> 00:52:25,180
here and no breaks today so anyway going

1229
00:52:33,740 --> 00:52:28,750
back to Mars Mars at one time most

1230
00:52:38,340 --> 00:52:33,750
likely had a magnetosphere and how how

1231
00:52:41,070 --> 00:52:38,350
would you say the odds are that there

1232
00:52:44,390 --> 00:52:41,080
could have been life on Mars at one time

1233
00:52:48,360 --> 00:52:44,400
there's definitely evidence of water

1234
00:52:51,480 --> 00:52:48,370
yeah well I mean we don't know right the

1235
00:52:56,600 --> 00:52:51,490
the search the the exploration of Mars

1236
00:52:58,950 --> 00:52:56,610
is really the search for for life and

1237
00:53:00,720 --> 00:52:58,960
and originally when you when there was

1238
00:53:04,050 --> 00:53:00,730
the Viking spacecraft that was sent in

1239
00:53:07,890 --> 00:53:04,060
back in the in the 1970s it had an

1240
00:53:09,990 --> 00:53:07,900
experiment onboard that uh that told

1241
00:53:12,990 --> 00:53:10,000
them that there was life there and now

1242
00:53:15,000 --> 00:53:13,000
other scientists looked at the way the

1243
00:53:16,770 --> 00:53:15,010
experiment was done essentially they had

1244
00:53:19,200 --> 00:53:16,780
like some they would take some soil they

1245
00:53:21,420 --> 00:53:19,210
would they would feed it and water it

1246
00:53:23,850 --> 00:53:21,430
and look for gases that we're gonna come

1247
00:53:25,200 --> 00:53:23,860
out and they saw gases that they thought

1248
00:53:26,250 --> 00:53:25,210
were evidence that there was life there

1249
00:53:28,230 --> 00:53:26,260
and other people said well you could

1250
00:53:30,000 --> 00:53:28,240
have that exact same reaction if there

1251
00:53:32,100 --> 00:53:30,010
wasn't life there and people still argue

1252
00:53:34,950 --> 00:53:32,110
about this to this day and what the

1253
00:53:37,950 --> 00:53:34,960
lesson that that taught NASA really was

1254
00:53:39,300 --> 00:53:37,960
if you're going to run these kinds of

1255
00:53:40,920 --> 00:53:39,310
experiments if you're going to search

1256
00:53:43,560 --> 00:53:40,930
for life on Mars you have to be really

1257
00:53:47,580 --> 00:53:43,570
really really careful about how you do

1258
00:53:48,780 --> 00:53:47,590
this and so the the search for life on

1259
00:53:49,350 --> 00:53:48,790
Mars has really been about the search

1260
00:53:52,950 --> 00:53:49,360
for water

1261
00:53:55,890 --> 00:53:52,960
Mars the the the spirit and opportunity

1262
00:53:58,950 --> 00:53:55,900
we're looking for the possibility there

1263
00:54:03,330 --> 00:53:58,960
was ever water on Mars at all curiosity

1264
00:54:08,700 --> 00:54:03,340
which is a very sophisticated robot its

1265
00:54:11,100 --> 00:54:08,710
job is to see how long water was on the

1266
00:54:13,170 --> 00:54:11,110
surface of Mars and now the next Rover

1267
00:54:15,930 --> 00:54:13,180
that's coming the 2020 Rover its job is

1268
00:54:19,440 --> 00:54:15,940
going to be to to search to find out if

1269
00:54:22,350 --> 00:54:19,450
the conditions were good for life on

1270
00:54:24,930 --> 00:54:22,360
Mars for any great period of time and if

1271
00:54:26,790 --> 00:54:24,940
there's any evidence of past life on

1272
00:54:28,710 --> 00:54:26,800
Mars so we're getting closer and closer

1273
00:54:30,210 --> 00:54:28,720
and then possibly the next step is going

1274
00:54:33,150 --> 00:54:30,220
to be some kind of sample return where

1275
00:54:35,910 --> 00:54:33,160
people bring bring stuff back and then

1276
00:54:37,350 --> 00:54:35,920
the other really fascinating path to

1277
00:54:39,330 --> 00:54:37,360
this is that I mentioned this earlier

1278
00:54:40,830 --> 00:54:39,340
that there's that methane has been found

1279
00:54:43,230 --> 00:54:40,840
in the atmosphere of Mars and the thing

1280
00:54:45,120 --> 00:54:43,240
with methane is that it is a it is a gas

1281
00:54:47,370 --> 00:54:45,130
that breaks down in sunlight very

1282
00:54:48,960 --> 00:54:47,380
quickly so if you see some if you see

1283
00:54:52,980 --> 00:54:48,970
methane then there must be some source

1284
00:54:56,010 --> 00:54:52,990
one source is volcanoes one source could

1285
00:54:57,180 --> 00:54:56,020
be life and and right now planetary

1286
00:54:59,190 --> 00:54:57,190
scientists are still trying to figure

1287
00:55:00,360 --> 00:54:59,200
out which one of those could be there's

1288
00:55:02,850 --> 00:55:00,370
no question there's methane in the

1289
00:55:05,910 --> 00:55:02,860
atmosphere of Mars the question is is

1290
00:55:09,330 --> 00:55:05,920
there is it is life being what's

1291
00:55:11,730 --> 00:55:09,340
producing the methane so it's a it's an

1292
00:55:12,900 --> 00:55:11,740
it's is as we stand right now we have no

1293
00:55:15,300 --> 00:55:12,910
definitive answer it's a fascinating

1294
00:55:17,550 --> 00:55:15,310
question there are really interesting

1295
00:55:19,170 --> 00:55:17,560
hints the fact that the water was

1296
00:55:21,570 --> 00:55:19,180
definitely on the surface of Mars a long

1297
00:55:23,100 --> 00:55:21,580
time ago for long periods of time that

1298
00:55:24,750 --> 00:55:23,110
this methane is being seen in the

1299
00:55:29,580 --> 00:55:24,760
atmosphere these these signs are

1300
00:55:32,130 --> 00:55:29,590
pointing to yes but we don't know if

1301
00:55:33,540 --> 00:55:32,140
life could have gotten started and if it

1302
00:55:36,300 --> 00:55:33,550
could have survived long enough and so

1303
00:55:37,350 --> 00:55:36,310
again it's an end this is why right back

1304
00:55:38,490 --> 00:55:37,360
to the thing like if you're gonna say

1305
00:55:40,710 --> 00:55:38,500
there's life on Mars you want to be

1306
00:55:43,770 --> 00:55:40,720
really sure and the way you do that is

1307
00:55:45,210 --> 00:55:43,780
use is you you find just absolute

1308
00:55:48,840 --> 00:55:45,220
overwhelming evidence that there's life

1309
00:55:50,760 --> 00:55:48,850
on Mars so it's wonderful to be in the

1310
00:55:52,230 --> 00:55:50,770
middle of this mystery right yeah so

1311
00:55:54,450 --> 00:55:52,240
many people there's so many mysteries

1312
00:56:00,080 --> 00:55:54,460
that we now look at them or like I don't

1313
00:56:02,970 --> 00:56:00,090
know but how how does gravity work

1314
00:56:03,579 --> 00:56:02,980
what's inside the atom there's a lot of

1315
00:56:05,380 --> 00:56:03,589
questions

1316
00:56:07,479 --> 00:56:05,390
that we now have the answers who we are

1317
00:56:11,529 --> 00:56:07,489
the end of the controversy how did them

1318
00:56:12,819 --> 00:56:11,539
out of the continents form right we now

1319
00:56:15,069 --> 00:56:12,829
know that it's plate tectonics there's

1320
00:56:17,529 --> 00:56:15,079
so many these mysteries but we are in

1321
00:56:19,390 --> 00:56:17,539
the middle of a bunch of these watching

1322
00:56:21,069 --> 00:56:19,400
them unfold in real time watching the

1323
00:56:23,680 --> 00:56:21,079
scientists gather the evidence and try

1324
00:56:26,289 --> 00:56:23,690
to figure out one way or the other what

1325
00:56:29,019 --> 00:56:26,299
what the answer is and and we should

1326
00:56:31,870 --> 00:56:29,029
have definitive answers within within

1327
00:56:34,089 --> 00:56:31,880
our lifetimes yeah I hope so that would

1328
00:56:36,249 --> 00:56:34,099
be really fascinating I mean I would

1329
00:56:38,950 --> 00:56:36,259
love to hear someday that they have

1330
00:56:40,239 --> 00:56:38,960
definitive proof what do you think of

1331
00:56:44,229 --> 00:56:40,249
that what are your thoughts on the

1332
00:56:46,269 --> 00:56:44,239
panspermia it's I mean it's a

1333
00:56:49,509 --> 00:56:46,279
fascinating concept right this idea that

1334
00:56:51,969 --> 00:56:49,519
that I mean we know that or the fact

1335
00:56:53,529 --> 00:56:51,979
that all if there is life in the solar

1336
00:56:56,259 --> 00:56:53,539
system that were actually related to

1337
00:56:57,999 --> 00:56:56,269
each other and we know that asteroids

1338
00:56:59,880 --> 00:56:58,009
have crashed into both earth and Mars

1339
00:57:03,640 --> 00:56:59,890
and Venus and all of these in the past

1340
00:57:05,799 --> 00:57:03,650
that that these aspirin impacts have

1341
00:57:10,209 --> 00:57:05,809
thrown material out into space and this

1342
00:57:13,239 --> 00:57:10,219
material can travel from world the world

1343
00:57:14,979 --> 00:57:13,249
we have aster or meteorites that came

1344
00:57:17,680 --> 00:57:14,989
from Mars we have meteorites that came

1345
00:57:19,479 --> 00:57:17,690
from the moon that came from Vesta so we

1346
00:57:22,479 --> 00:57:19,489
know that this process is happening and

1347
00:57:25,209 --> 00:57:22,489
in fact it seems like it's relatively

1348
00:57:27,819 --> 00:57:25,219
gentle that you can have a space rock

1349
00:57:30,009 --> 00:57:27,829
crash into Mars throw debris into space

1350
00:57:32,410 --> 00:57:30,019
the debris can fly around the solar

1351
00:57:34,719 --> 00:57:32,420
system for a few hundred thousand few

1352
00:57:36,789 --> 00:57:34,729
million years one of these rocks can

1353
00:57:39,670 --> 00:57:36,799
impact the earth can actually survive

1354
00:57:41,349 --> 00:57:39,680
the re-entry through the atmosphere and

1355
00:57:44,339 --> 00:57:41,359
actually keep the interior of a cool

1356
00:57:46,660 --> 00:57:44,349
enough that life could survive and so

1357
00:57:48,489 --> 00:57:46,670
one of those first questions if if

1358
00:57:51,900 --> 00:57:48,499
there's any evidence of life found on

1359
00:57:55,120 --> 00:57:51,910
Mars that first question is going to be

1360
00:57:56,589 --> 00:57:55,130
are we related and began back you know

1361
00:58:00,579 --> 00:57:56,599
both of those answers are really

1362
00:58:03,089 --> 00:58:00,589
interesting if we are related when when

1363
00:58:06,849 --> 00:58:03,099
did we diverged from the life on Mars

1364
00:58:09,339 --> 00:58:06,859
how did life continue to change on Mars

1365
00:58:12,729 --> 00:58:09,349
as it and be different from Earth and if

1366
00:58:14,709 --> 00:58:12,739
if we are not related then that is a

1367
00:58:17,680 --> 00:58:14,719
even more interesting question because

1368
00:58:21,820 --> 00:58:17,690
then then life form twice

1369
00:58:23,380 --> 00:58:21,830
in one solar system which then makes the

1370
00:58:25,180 --> 00:58:23,390
question of where is everybody even

1371
00:58:26,290 --> 00:58:25,190
weirder because now you're like well

1372
00:58:28,830 --> 00:58:26,300
then there should be life everywhere

1373
00:58:32,350 --> 00:58:28,840
life can form twice in one solar system

1374
00:58:35,470 --> 00:58:32,360
then there should be life in every solar

1375
00:58:37,510 --> 00:58:35,480
system and and that would I think that

1376
00:58:40,990 --> 00:58:37,520
would be the more unsettling more

1377
00:58:44,860 --> 00:58:41,000
troubling question if if you found life

1378
00:58:47,070 --> 00:58:44,870
that wasn't related to earth life then

1379
00:58:51,870 --> 00:58:47,080
then you would have a very bizarre

1380
00:58:55,660 --> 00:58:51,880
mystery on your hands right right and

1381
00:58:57,640 --> 00:58:55,670
you know there's there's you know people

1382
00:59:00,670 --> 00:58:57,650
can speculate all kinds of things but I

1383
00:59:02,530 --> 00:59:00,680
mean I I always you know when I get to

1384
00:59:06,010 --> 00:59:02,540
thinking pretty deeply about the whole

1385
00:59:08,290 --> 00:59:06,020
topic the very first spark of life is

1386
00:59:11,140 --> 00:59:08,300
always fascinating how did that happen

1387
00:59:13,300 --> 00:59:11,150
and it was at just you know all random

1388
00:59:14,740 --> 00:59:13,310
things happening at once that actually

1389
00:59:16,750 --> 00:59:14,750
made it happen

1390
00:59:19,600 --> 00:59:16,760
yeah and where we don't know right right

1391
00:59:21,060 --> 00:59:19,610
like literally just a great big question

1392
00:59:24,010 --> 00:59:21,070
mark question mark question mark right

1393
00:59:25,840 --> 00:59:24,020
that there was a time when there was no

1394
00:59:29,770 --> 00:59:25,850
life and then there was a time there was

1395
00:59:33,190 --> 00:59:29,780
life and and what could have made that

1396
00:59:36,010 --> 00:59:33,200
happen and there obviously there's been

1397
00:59:37,660 --> 00:59:36,020
theories where people have have

1398
00:59:40,000 --> 00:59:37,670
attempted to take these primordial

1399
00:59:42,370 --> 00:59:40,010
elements and put them together in a jar

1400
00:59:44,710 --> 00:59:42,380
and and shake them up and apply

1401
00:59:47,320 --> 00:59:44,720
electricity and and interesting amino

1402
00:59:51,030 --> 00:59:47,330
acids seem to form so maybe that's part

1403
00:59:53,230 --> 00:59:51,040
of the puzzle there are the the the

1404
00:59:54,700 --> 00:59:53,240
volcanic vents down at the bottom of the

1405
00:59:56,920 --> 00:59:54,710
ocean and very interesting conditions

1406
00:59:58,360 --> 00:59:56,930
down there that could potentially have

1407
01:00:02,470 --> 00:59:58,370
been one of the places where life got

1408
01:00:04,300 --> 01:00:02,480
got started but it is it is a gigantic

1409
01:00:06,190 --> 01:00:04,310
question mark and I guess would lead to

1410
01:00:08,680 --> 01:00:06,200
potentially if you did find life on Mars

1411
01:00:10,090 --> 01:00:08,690
and it was related to Earth maybe the

1412
01:00:11,680 --> 01:00:10,100
life came from Mars but then of course

1413
01:00:13,270 --> 01:00:11,690
that just pushes the question back one

1414
01:00:15,610 --> 01:00:13,280
planet right and then you're like well

1415
01:00:17,170 --> 01:00:15,620
how do I get started on Mars maybe it

1416
01:00:18,820 --> 01:00:17,180
floated in from another solar system

1417
01:00:20,590 --> 01:00:18,830
entirely well how did it get started

1418
01:00:21,910 --> 01:00:20,600
over there like you you you at some

1419
01:00:26,650 --> 01:00:21,920
point have to get to the bottom of that

1420
01:00:28,030 --> 01:00:26,660
question and it might be and and and you

1421
01:00:29,590 --> 01:00:28,040
would know you've got the answer when

1422
01:00:31,240 --> 01:00:29,600
you put all the camera right chemicals

1423
01:00:34,900 --> 01:00:31,250
in the in a

1424
01:00:37,180 --> 01:00:34,910
in a you know in an experiment run the

1425
01:00:39,339 --> 01:00:37,190
right amount of electricity and you get

1426
01:00:40,839 --> 01:00:39,349
the first life form forming in there

1427
01:00:43,690 --> 01:00:40,849
then you'd know okay we're on the right

1428
01:00:48,580 --> 01:00:43,700
track but until someone can actually do

1429
01:00:50,230 --> 01:00:48,590
that right now the only responsible

1430
01:00:53,530 --> 01:00:50,240
answer is to say I don't know I don't

1431
01:00:55,150 --> 01:00:53,540
know and this is this this you know

1432
01:00:57,880 --> 01:00:55,160
people who watch what I do think this

1433
01:00:59,859 --> 01:00:57,890
comes up a lot like we talked about

1434
01:01:01,540 --> 01:00:59,869
open-mindedness and that's just like

1435
01:01:03,010 --> 01:01:01,550
open-minded is to say I don't know I

1436
01:01:04,450 --> 01:01:03,020
don't know let's find out I would love

1437
01:01:06,880 --> 01:01:04,460
to know the answer to this question

1438
01:01:08,890 --> 01:01:06,890
just like you I want to be sure so until

1439
01:01:13,510 --> 01:01:08,900
then I'm just gonna have to just say I

1440
01:01:16,780 --> 01:01:13,520
don't know right well I have the call

1441
01:01:18,460 --> 01:01:16,790
number up on the screen on YouTube for

1442
01:01:20,859 --> 01:01:18,470
those of you over there now that would

1443
01:01:22,210 --> 01:01:20,869
like to call in and ask our guest a

1444
01:01:25,390 --> 01:01:22,220
question feel free to dial that number

1445
01:01:28,990 --> 01:01:25,400
it's up there 603 nine six seven four OH

1446
01:01:30,040 --> 01:01:29,000
three oh I think I remembered I didn't

1447
01:01:31,540 --> 01:01:30,050
hear this on your show but I think I

1448
01:01:34,450 --> 01:01:31,550
remembered reading somewhere that our

1449
01:01:37,480 --> 01:01:34,460
magnetosphere seems to be weakening have

1450
01:01:40,150 --> 01:01:37,490
you heard anything I haven't heard that

1451
01:01:44,200 --> 01:01:40,160
it's weakening but the magnetosphere is

1452
01:01:47,500 --> 01:01:44,210
drifting so the the North Pole the

1453
01:01:53,770 --> 01:01:47,510
magnetic north pole of Earth wanders

1454
01:01:59,410 --> 01:01:53,780
around my country of Canada and and and

1455
01:02:02,290 --> 01:01:59,420
so like where a compass points north has

1456
01:02:04,510 --> 01:02:02,300
been changing over decades now it could

1457
01:02:06,160 --> 01:02:04,520
very well be that this is just gonna go

1458
01:02:09,359 --> 01:02:06,170
on and it just wanders around that what

1459
01:02:12,460 --> 01:02:09,369
we thought was one point was actually a

1460
01:02:14,710 --> 01:02:12,470
region and and and just over long

1461
01:02:17,829 --> 01:02:14,720
periods of time the magnetic north

1462
01:02:21,070 --> 01:02:17,839
shifts but we absolutely evidence of

1463
01:02:23,290 --> 01:02:21,080
that that in the past the magnetic field

1464
01:02:26,890 --> 01:02:23,300
has flipped and we see this on the Sun

1465
01:02:29,290 --> 01:02:26,900
every 11 years or so every 22 years is

1466
01:02:31,630 --> 01:02:29,300
the full cycle the magnetic the

1467
01:02:34,540 --> 01:02:31,640
magnetosphere on the Sun flips around

1468
01:02:36,579 --> 01:02:34,550
and so the north magnetic pole of the

1469
01:02:38,290 --> 01:02:36,589
Sun becomes the South Magnetic Pole and

1470
01:02:41,530 --> 01:02:38,300
and then vice versa and you get this

1471
01:02:46,359 --> 01:02:41,540
period where where it shifts over and

1472
01:02:49,349 --> 01:02:46,369
and geologists can see the direction of

1473
01:02:51,640 --> 01:02:49,359
the magnetic field in lava so you have

1474
01:02:53,410 --> 01:02:51,650
lava flows that are that are making

1475
01:02:55,750 --> 01:02:53,420
magnetized you can actually see they're

1476
01:02:57,670 --> 01:02:55,760
aligned to the magnetic field and then

1477
01:02:59,050 --> 01:02:57,680
shortly after that you can see the

1478
01:03:00,790 --> 01:02:59,060
magnetic field going in the opposite

1479
01:03:03,760 --> 01:03:00,800
direction so it's entirely possible that

1480
01:03:07,240 --> 01:03:03,770
that when we know that this magnetic

1481
01:03:10,210 --> 01:03:07,250
field reversal happens on a random but

1482
01:03:11,920 --> 01:03:10,220
regular basis who knows when the next

1483
01:03:13,570 --> 01:03:11,930
one could happen but the fact that we're

1484
01:03:15,090 --> 01:03:13,580
here the fact that life is here we know

1485
01:03:18,190 --> 01:03:15,100
that the impact of that is not

1486
01:03:20,440 --> 01:03:18,200
devastating we know that well it sure

1487
01:03:22,180 --> 01:03:20,450
doesn't seem like the any man oh yeah

1488
01:03:24,790 --> 01:03:22,190
there is any mass die-off that goes

1489
01:03:26,349 --> 01:03:24,800
along with with the magnetic field

1490
01:03:28,000 --> 01:03:26,359
reversal so it could very well be that

1491
01:03:30,340 --> 01:03:28,010
that we're all gonna have to buy new

1492
01:03:33,430 --> 01:03:30,350
compasses at some point at least yeah

1493
01:03:35,320 --> 01:03:33,440
yeah but the above the other opportunity

1494
01:03:37,240 --> 01:03:35,330
is the fact that you know again here in

1495
01:03:39,940 --> 01:03:37,250
Canada I get to see the the Northern

1496
01:03:41,710 --> 01:03:39,950
Lights the Aurora's and a lot of people

1497
01:03:44,080 --> 01:03:41,720
who live further to the south don't get

1498
01:03:47,500 --> 01:03:44,090
a chance to see it but if you got to a

1499
01:03:49,230 --> 01:03:47,510
point where the where the the fields

1500
01:03:51,520 --> 01:03:49,240
were flipping around you might have

1501
01:03:53,650 --> 01:03:51,530
access to Aurora's and in weird

1502
01:03:55,359 --> 01:03:53,660
locations as the magnetic fields

1503
01:03:57,099 --> 01:03:55,369
attorneys strange pockets around the

1504
01:03:58,540 --> 01:03:57,109
planet so it could be that opportunity

1505
01:04:01,480 --> 01:03:58,550
to finally see an Aurora if you haven't

1506
01:04:03,790 --> 01:04:01,490
had one yet yeah they're amazing so we

1507
01:04:07,420 --> 01:04:03,800
have a caller on the line caller your

1508
01:04:10,599 --> 01:04:07,430
first name where you calling from call

1509
01:04:11,170 --> 01:04:10,609
I'm Martin yeah it's your neighbor how

1510
01:04:15,040 --> 01:04:11,180
are ya

1511
01:04:17,320 --> 01:04:15,050
is this Donnie sure is you're not gonna

1512
01:04:18,970 --> 01:04:17,330
be my neighbor for long well we'll talk

1513
01:04:22,570 --> 01:04:18,980
about oh that's bad yeah

1514
01:04:24,510 --> 01:04:22,580
yeah oh well yeah anyway I'll leave

1515
01:04:27,370 --> 01:04:24,520
everyone in suspense so you have a

1516
01:04:31,240 --> 01:04:27,380
Donnie's a Boston police officer and he

1517
01:04:33,760 --> 01:04:31,250
has a I live up in Maine and near a lake

1518
01:04:35,620 --> 01:04:33,770
and he has a place on the lake up here

1519
01:04:37,630 --> 01:04:35,630
he comes up in visits he sits in studio

1520
01:04:40,540 --> 01:04:37,640
no and then so he's a retired Boston

1521
01:04:42,330 --> 01:04:40,550
police officer now works you're in South

1522
01:04:47,320 --> 01:04:42,340
America you work in South America right

1523
01:04:49,599 --> 01:04:47,330
well we work all over the globe okay so

1524
01:04:52,890 --> 01:04:49,609
how you doing darn you have a question

1525
01:04:55,300 --> 01:04:52,900
for the guest yeah I I put it on the

1526
01:04:57,370 --> 01:04:55,310
chat line I'm sorry

1527
01:04:58,930 --> 01:04:57,380
I can watch that I'm alone tonight so I

1528
01:05:03,300 --> 01:04:58,940
don't have help yeah I could see the

1529
01:05:05,950 --> 01:05:03,310
reflection in your glasses Martin okay

1530
01:05:09,060 --> 01:05:05,960
yeah one of the questions the question I

1531
01:05:13,600 --> 01:05:09,070
have for your guests being an astronomer

1532
01:05:16,360 --> 01:05:13,610
is would there was own substantial

1533
01:05:21,310 --> 01:05:16,370
conversation about outside of the solar

1534
01:05:24,070 --> 01:05:21,320
system and just recently about the earth

1535
01:05:27,850 --> 01:05:24,080
itself but what we haven't touched upon

1536
01:05:29,470 --> 01:05:27,860
really is the moon and recently it's

1537
01:05:33,070 --> 01:05:29,480
been announced while some gravely

1538
01:05:35,710 --> 01:05:33,080
mistaken that the People's Republic of

1539
01:05:38,890 --> 01:05:35,720
China is going to be exploring a dark

1540
01:05:41,260 --> 01:05:38,900
side of the Moon and my question is

1541
01:05:42,850 --> 01:05:41,270
actually twofold personally it's been my

1542
01:05:46,330 --> 01:05:42,860
understanding that the United States as

1543
01:05:48,670 --> 01:05:46,340
research as oxide one one and second

1544
01:05:50,470 --> 01:05:48,680
please correct me if I'm wrong but the

1545
01:05:52,720 --> 01:05:50,480
second part of it is why would they be

1546
01:05:55,000 --> 01:05:52,730
going there to the dark side of the moon

1547
01:05:58,060 --> 01:05:55,010
what is there to discover that hasn't

1548
01:06:02,170 --> 01:05:58,070
previously been discovered or divulged

1549
01:06:04,060 --> 01:06:02,180
to the public in general we know that it

1550
01:06:05,830 --> 01:06:04,070
probably can't be colonized it's it's

1551
01:06:08,700 --> 01:06:05,840
probably not sustainable or perhaps it

1552
01:06:13,030 --> 01:06:08,710
is but I'd like to get hang up and hear

1553
01:06:14,170 --> 01:06:13,040
phrases comments on that all right did

1554
01:06:15,730 --> 01:06:14,180
you say there was a two-part question

1555
01:06:18,340 --> 01:06:15,740
you'd add another part of that or was

1556
01:06:21,760 --> 01:06:18,350
that the two parts well no the first

1557
01:06:24,340 --> 01:06:21,770
part is is if if it's a mistaken

1558
01:06:26,440 --> 01:06:24,350
assumption or not that the United

1559
01:06:28,210 --> 01:06:26,450
States's was explored the dark side when

1560
01:06:30,370 --> 01:06:28,220
I believe that we have all right so I'd

1561
01:06:32,800 --> 01:06:30,380
like to clear that up and secondly I

1562
01:06:34,870 --> 01:06:32,810
would like to know what is piqued the

1563
01:06:36,790 --> 01:06:34,880
Chinese the People's Republic of China's

1564
01:06:37,240 --> 01:06:36,800
interest in exploring the dark side of

1565
01:06:39,040 --> 01:06:37,250
the Moon

1566
01:06:41,680 --> 01:06:39,050
particularly at this phase of our

1567
01:06:44,430 --> 01:06:41,690
historical development all right hey

1568
01:06:49,720 --> 01:06:44,440
thanks for the call Tony thanks our call

1569
01:06:51,700 --> 01:06:49,730
mine yeah absolutely so what a couple if

1570
01:06:52,900 --> 01:06:51,710
those halves there so right so the I

1571
01:06:56,190 --> 01:06:52,910
mean there's no Dark Side of the Moon

1572
01:06:59,320 --> 01:06:56,200
it's the far side of the Moon the the

1573
01:07:01,360 --> 01:06:59,330
whole moon gets illuminated Pink Floyd

1574
01:07:04,900 --> 01:07:01,370
has sort of made our lives miserable

1575
01:07:07,540 --> 01:07:04,910
first for decades right but though but

1576
01:07:09,130 --> 01:07:07,550
the the moon is tidally locked to the

1577
01:07:11,080 --> 01:07:09,140
earth and so it's always

1578
01:07:12,340 --> 01:07:11,090
the same face to the earth you when you

1579
01:07:14,970 --> 01:07:12,350
look up at the moon you always see the

1580
01:07:17,980 --> 01:07:14,980
same side and of course the moon takes

1581
01:07:19,930 --> 01:07:17,990
27 and a half days to go all the way

1582
01:07:22,840 --> 01:07:19,940
around the earth and so it turns once

1583
01:07:24,910 --> 01:07:22,850
every month and always shows the same

1584
01:07:27,010 --> 01:07:24,920
face to us and this is thanks to gravity

1585
01:07:28,330 --> 01:07:27,020
from the earth so there is a near side

1586
01:07:29,950 --> 01:07:28,340
to the moon and there is a far side to

1587
01:07:32,710 --> 01:07:29,960
the moon and for the longest time

1588
01:07:35,290 --> 01:07:32,720
humanity had never seen the far side of

1589
01:07:37,540 --> 01:07:35,300
the moon we only saw what we could see

1590
01:07:39,280 --> 01:07:37,550
from here on earth in great detail but

1591
01:07:40,900 --> 01:07:39,290
we couldn't see the rest of it and it

1592
01:07:42,340 --> 01:07:40,910
wasn't really until the Space Age until

1593
01:07:44,170 --> 01:07:42,350
the first spacecraft were sent to

1594
01:07:47,110 --> 01:07:44,180
actually go and take a look at it and

1595
01:07:48,820 --> 01:07:47,120
what they found is that the far side of

1596
01:07:50,410 --> 01:07:48,830
the Moon actually looks dramatically

1597
01:07:53,440 --> 01:07:50,420
different from what the near side of the

1598
01:07:55,840 --> 01:07:53,450
moon looks like on the near side of the

1599
01:07:59,470 --> 01:07:55,850
moon we see these beautiful moire these

1600
01:08:02,080 --> 01:07:59,480
huge what were thought to be oceans in

1601
01:08:04,480 --> 01:08:02,090
the past and now we know our ancient

1602
01:08:06,250 --> 01:08:04,490
lava flows across the surface of the

1603
01:08:09,330 --> 01:08:06,260
Moon on the far side of the Moon you

1604
01:08:12,430 --> 01:08:09,340
don't see that you instead see this

1605
01:08:16,030 --> 01:08:12,440
pockmarked crater cratering that is a

1606
01:08:17,920 --> 01:08:16,040
lot more like densely crater than what

1607
01:08:19,840 --> 01:08:17,930
we see on not on the close segment it's

1608
01:08:21,340 --> 01:08:19,850
a lot more boring actually it's funny we

1609
01:08:22,900 --> 01:08:21,350
get the we get the really interesting

1610
01:08:26,140 --> 01:08:22,910
side of the moon to look at and not the

1611
01:08:26,920 --> 01:08:26,150
other side of the Moon so you call those

1612
01:08:29,980 --> 01:08:26,930
exactly right

1613
01:08:31,390 --> 01:08:29,990
NASA's the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter

1614
01:08:34,720 --> 01:08:31,400
has been orbiting around the moon now

1615
01:08:36,580 --> 01:08:34,730
for quite a while and taking really

1616
01:08:38,860 --> 01:08:36,590
high-resolution images of the entire

1617
01:08:41,440 --> 01:08:38,870
moon scanning the surface down to a

1618
01:08:43,360 --> 01:08:41,450
resolution of a couple of meters they

1619
01:08:45,130 --> 01:08:43,370
can see every crater they've they've

1620
01:08:46,840 --> 01:08:45,140
seen all of the apollo landers they've

1621
01:08:49,570 --> 01:08:46,850
seen all of the other Rovers that have

1622
01:08:52,000 --> 01:08:49,580
been on the surface of the Moon and the

1623
01:08:53,950 --> 01:08:52,010
Chinese as their first attempt to go to

1624
01:08:55,390 --> 01:08:53,960
the moon put down a rover on the near

1625
01:08:56,890 --> 01:08:55,400
side of the moon and the reason you do

1626
01:08:58,360 --> 01:08:56,900
that is because you can communicate with

1627
01:09:01,000 --> 01:08:58,370
them right you can send them signals and

1628
01:09:02,950 --> 01:09:01,010
go now turn left and then the spacecraft

1629
01:09:06,400 --> 01:09:02,960
can nor the rover can turn left and

1630
01:09:08,860 --> 01:09:06,410
drive right when you push it to the far

1631
01:09:11,860 --> 01:09:08,870
side of the Moon then you have no way to

1632
01:09:13,420 --> 01:09:11,870
directly contact your over so what the

1633
01:09:15,190 --> 01:09:13,430
Chinese have done is they have launched

1634
01:09:18,070 --> 01:09:15,200
a spacecraft a communications relay

1635
01:09:21,880 --> 01:09:18,080
satellite to the far side of the Moon to

1636
01:09:22,690 --> 01:09:21,890
the l2 Lagrange point which is you've

1637
01:09:26,080 --> 01:09:22,700
got sort of

1638
01:09:28,030 --> 01:09:26,090
l1 Lagrangian is this gravitationally

1639
01:09:30,790 --> 01:09:28,040
stable point in between the earth and

1640
01:09:32,380 --> 01:09:30,800
the and the moon then there's another

1641
01:09:33,910 --> 01:09:32,390
one on the far side of the moon and

1642
01:09:35,230 --> 01:09:33,920
there's one on the far side of the earth

1643
01:09:38,080 --> 01:09:35,240
but they're not using that one

1644
01:09:40,600 --> 01:09:38,090
so this relay satellite is already there

1645
01:09:43,330 --> 01:09:40,610
and waiting and its job is going to be

1646
01:09:46,270 --> 01:09:43,340
to relay information from this new

1647
01:09:47,710 --> 01:09:46,280
Chinese Rover when it arrives so later

1648
01:09:49,180 --> 01:09:47,720
this year Chinese are gonna send this

1649
01:09:50,590 --> 01:09:49,190
Rover it's gonna reach the far side of

1650
01:09:53,190 --> 01:09:50,600
the Moon it's gonna land and then it's

1651
01:09:56,770 --> 01:09:53,200
going to be able to analyze and study an

1652
01:09:59,470 --> 01:09:56,780
environment that we just have no no

1653
01:10:01,090 --> 01:09:59,480
samples have been extracted no none of

1654
01:10:03,640 --> 01:10:01,100
these places have been looked at closely

1655
01:10:05,260 --> 01:10:03,650
all of the Apollo landings all of the

1656
01:10:07,090 --> 01:10:05,270
previous Rovers they've all gone to the

1657
01:10:08,470 --> 01:10:07,100
near side of the moon this is the first

1658
01:10:10,480 --> 01:10:08,480
time that anyone's gone to the far side

1659
01:10:13,570 --> 01:10:10,490
so I think the best way to describe it

1660
01:10:16,150 --> 01:10:13,580
is they are they are stepping out into a

1661
01:10:18,070 --> 01:10:16,160
place that everybody has been that has

1662
01:10:20,680 --> 01:10:18,080
never considered to be important enough

1663
01:10:22,990 --> 01:10:20,690
to check out or never had the resources

1664
01:10:25,240 --> 01:10:23,000
or whatever the priority they're the

1665
01:10:26,800 --> 01:10:25,250
ones gonna be the first to Rove around

1666
01:10:29,550 --> 01:10:26,810
on the far side of the moon and that's a

1667
01:10:32,740 --> 01:10:29,560
way to stick up feather in their cap

1668
01:10:34,900 --> 01:10:32,750
interesting thank you I want to just

1669
01:10:37,660 --> 01:10:34,910
tell you about a quote that I had I had

1670
01:10:41,590 --> 01:10:37,670
an astrophysicist on this show

1671
01:10:45,280 --> 01:10:41,600
once that was a visiting senior

1672
01:10:47,200 --> 01:10:45,290
scientists at NASA for a few years I

1673
01:10:50,050 --> 01:10:47,210
think that's what he said his title was

1674
01:10:51,700 --> 01:10:50,060
a really interesting guy we have someone

1675
01:10:54,040 --> 01:10:51,710
else calling in I'll take the call

1676
01:10:55,960 --> 01:10:54,050
caller hang in there for a minute we'll

1677
01:11:00,280 --> 01:10:55,970
get right to you hang in there

1678
01:11:02,440 --> 01:11:00,290
so anyway his his message that he said

1679
01:11:04,240 --> 01:11:02,450
during the show kind of shocked me but I

1680
01:11:08,340 --> 01:11:04,250
thought it it was interesting probably

1681
01:11:10,750 --> 01:11:08,350
made a lot of sense and that was if a

1682
01:11:13,210 --> 01:11:10,760
civilization gets through the bottleneck

1683
01:11:15,850 --> 01:11:13,220
of Technology without blowing themselves

1684
01:11:17,770 --> 01:11:15,860
up then they will likely be traveling

1685
01:11:21,490 --> 01:11:17,780
the Stars and I just wondered what you

1686
01:11:23,070 --> 01:11:21,500
thought about that yeah there is and I

1687
01:11:25,420 --> 01:11:23,080
mentioned that earlier right there is no

1688
01:11:28,960 --> 01:11:25,430
reason according to the laws of physics

1689
01:11:30,790 --> 01:11:28,970
why you can't theoretically travel from

1690
01:11:33,340 --> 01:11:30,800
star to star I mean there was an

1691
01:11:35,649 --> 01:11:33,350
asteroid now thought to be a comet Aloha

1692
01:11:37,750 --> 01:11:35,659
MOA that had been found

1693
01:11:39,820 --> 01:11:37,760
traveling from some other star system

1694
01:11:42,340 --> 01:11:39,830
astronomers recently did an estimate

1695
01:11:44,560 --> 01:11:42,350
there are probably tens of thousands of

1696
01:11:46,780 --> 01:11:44,570
asteroids and comets here in the solar

1697
01:11:49,510 --> 01:11:46,790
system that came from other star systems

1698
01:11:53,890 --> 01:11:49,520
so if a rock can do it you would think

1699
01:11:57,250 --> 01:11:53,900
that a robot could make the journey at

1700
01:11:59,290 --> 01:11:57,260
the very least who knows whether we

1701
01:12:01,930 --> 01:11:59,300
would have the ability to send living

1702
01:12:03,640 --> 01:12:01,940
creatures to make that journey but but a

1703
01:12:07,390 --> 01:12:03,650
robot it seems like it should be

1704
01:12:08,830 --> 01:12:07,400
possible so so there is this concept I

1705
01:12:10,689 --> 01:12:08,840
don't know if you talked about it much

1706
01:12:14,590 --> 01:12:10,699
this idea called the great filter that

1707
01:12:16,270 --> 01:12:14,600
that that one of the possibilities why

1708
01:12:20,080 --> 01:12:16,280
the uy we seem to be alone in the

1709
01:12:23,140 --> 01:12:20,090
universe is that there is some fate that

1710
01:12:27,669 --> 01:12:23,150
that all intelligent civilizations meet

1711
01:12:30,040 --> 01:12:27,679
which wraps up ends their ability to

1712
01:12:32,770 --> 01:12:30,050
become a spacefaring species and if

1713
01:12:34,840 --> 01:12:32,780
that's true we are just around the

1714
01:12:39,939 --> 01:12:34,850
corner from it yeah and if we're too far

1715
01:12:42,870 --> 01:12:39,949
from it and we can see potential things

1716
01:12:46,470 --> 01:12:42,880
that could be causing it nuclear war

1717
01:12:49,810 --> 01:12:46,480
artificial intelligence bioengineering

1718
01:12:53,410 --> 01:12:49,820
asteroid impacts global warming like we

1719
01:12:56,050 --> 01:12:53,420
can see a bunch of potential existential

1720
01:12:57,820 --> 01:12:56,060
threats that we could be facing but the

1721
01:13:00,790 --> 01:12:57,830
weird part about is that if you can see

1722
01:13:02,200 --> 01:13:00,800
them then you can try to predict and

1723
01:13:04,360 --> 01:13:02,210
prevent them and so it could very well

1724
01:13:06,640 --> 01:13:04,370
be that it's something that we can't

1725
01:13:11,260 --> 01:13:06,650
even predict that will that happens to

1726
01:13:15,040 --> 01:13:11,270
all civilizations 100% and and nips

1727
01:13:16,959 --> 01:13:15,050
there their exploration goals in the bud

1728
01:13:18,970 --> 01:13:16,969
which is a it's all it's a haunting

1729
01:13:22,229 --> 01:13:18,980
thought for sure yeah I definitely think

1730
01:13:24,910 --> 01:13:22,239
we're gonna be our own destructor myself

1731
01:13:27,250 --> 01:13:24,920
you know whether its nuclear or whatever

1732
01:13:30,399 --> 01:13:27,260
we have a caller on the line caller your

1733
01:13:32,740 --> 01:13:30,409
first name where you calling from Jim

1734
01:13:34,479 --> 01:13:32,750
from British Columbia Oh Jim you've been

1735
01:13:35,979 --> 01:13:34,489
on before I believe hi Jim welcome to

1736
01:13:36,729 --> 01:13:35,989
the show do you have a question for our

1737
01:13:40,930 --> 01:13:36,739
gang

1738
01:13:43,780 --> 01:13:40,940
yes I do Fraser you were talking about

1739
01:13:45,939 --> 01:13:43,790
the origin of life on Earth and there

1740
01:13:48,760 --> 01:13:45,949
was an article in Scientific American

1741
01:13:49,959 --> 01:13:48,770
back in the 1990's and the title of the

1742
01:13:53,500 --> 01:13:49,969
article

1743
01:13:57,490 --> 01:13:53,510
are in a hypothesis and it hypothesized

1744
01:14:00,190 --> 01:13:57,500
that the first thing to appear in the

1745
01:14:04,120 --> 01:14:00,200
world's oceans was a self-replicating

1746
01:14:08,850 --> 01:14:04,130
RNA molecule and this makes very good

1747
01:14:12,040 --> 01:14:08,860
sense in in organic chemistry because

1748
01:14:14,830 --> 01:14:12,050
the RNA molecule in life is in between

1749
01:14:18,400 --> 01:14:14,840
the DNA and the protein right so it's a

1750
01:14:21,930 --> 01:14:18,410
kind of a central primary molecule right

1751
01:14:24,550 --> 01:14:21,940
now if you look at the probability of an

1752
01:14:28,060 --> 01:14:24,560
self-replicating molecule RNA molecule

1753
01:14:30,970 --> 01:14:28,070
forming in the global ocean it might

1754
01:14:32,620 --> 01:14:30,980
look pretty unlikely but when you

1755
01:14:35,020 --> 01:14:32,630
consider the size of the global ocean

1756
01:14:40,240 --> 01:14:35,030
and the time period involved

1757
01:14:42,970 --> 01:14:40,250
you had these molecules bouncing off

1758
01:14:47,080 --> 01:14:42,980
each other at a tremendous rate you have

1759
01:14:48,910 --> 01:14:47,090
a huge number of molecules and fragments

1760
01:14:51,580 --> 01:14:48,920
of molecules bouncing off each other and

1761
01:14:55,060 --> 01:14:51,590
reacting into all kinds of forms and

1762
01:14:58,240 --> 01:14:55,070
shapes and almost everything would be

1763
01:15:00,459 --> 01:14:58,250
possible almost every combination and

1764
01:15:03,000 --> 01:15:00,469
permutation would be possible because

1765
01:15:05,350 --> 01:15:03,010
simply because of the numbers of

1766
01:15:06,640 --> 01:15:05,360
reactions going on simultaneously and

1767
01:15:09,640 --> 01:15:06,650
then you have in some parts of the

1768
01:15:12,040 --> 01:15:09,650
global ocean you have liquid rock lava

1769
01:15:13,600 --> 01:15:12,050
another place you have lightning etc so

1770
01:15:18,160 --> 01:15:13,610
you have varying conditions all of the

1771
01:15:21,430 --> 01:15:18,170
global ocean and chemical you know pH

1772
01:15:25,150 --> 01:15:21,440
and different properties chemical

1773
01:15:28,540 --> 01:15:25,160
properties so it seems to me that that's

1774
01:15:32,610 --> 01:15:28,550
a very good possibility that that could

1775
01:15:34,780 --> 01:15:32,620
happen it may seem unlikely but but the

1776
01:15:38,890 --> 01:15:34,790
probability of it can be compared to

1777
01:15:41,590 --> 01:15:38,900
let's say dealing a Royal Flush from a

1778
01:15:44,790 --> 01:15:41,600
discards now that's very unlikely but if

1779
01:15:47,380 --> 01:15:44,800
you have 10 to the 23rd decks of cards

1780
01:15:50,920 --> 01:15:47,390
yelling a hand every second you

1781
01:15:55,510 --> 01:15:50,930
understand the math of it well yeah I

1782
01:15:59,490 --> 01:15:55,520
mean I I mean whatever that first life

1783
01:16:03,280 --> 01:15:59,500
form was you can kind of imagine that it

1784
01:16:05,380 --> 01:16:03,290
all you needed was something that could

1785
01:16:08,080 --> 01:16:05,390
bootstrap into a more complicated

1786
01:16:12,040 --> 01:16:08,090
version of itself that that you needed

1787
01:16:13,810 --> 01:16:12,050
whatever it was somehow it was like

1788
01:16:16,150 --> 01:16:13,820
whatever is the simplest possible life

1789
01:16:18,760 --> 01:16:16,160
form that can make a copy of itself and

1790
01:16:20,380 --> 01:16:18,770
and that is what you would expect to

1791
01:16:22,180 --> 01:16:20,390
find and as you said that early

1792
01:16:25,120 --> 01:16:22,190
environment with all of these chemicals

1793
01:16:27,310 --> 01:16:25,130
and and and no competition

1794
01:16:30,190 --> 01:16:27,320
right and that's the part that's so

1795
01:16:32,830 --> 01:16:30,200
interesting as well as why did life not

1796
01:16:36,460 --> 01:16:32,840
start twice why don't we have two life

1797
01:16:38,500 --> 01:16:36,470
forms two separate trees of life here on

1798
01:16:41,310 --> 01:16:38,510
earth both of which have a mysterious

1799
01:16:45,190 --> 01:16:41,320
beginning that would tell you that life

1800
01:16:48,400 --> 01:16:45,200
was inevitable to form and so as much of

1801
01:16:51,280 --> 01:16:48,410
a mystery is is the fact that that we

1802
01:16:53,590 --> 01:16:51,290
that life formed at all right is that we

1803
01:16:55,930 --> 01:16:53,600
don't see multiple forms of life it's

1804
01:16:59,320 --> 01:16:55,940
again so weird life formed as soon as it

1805
01:17:01,720 --> 01:16:59,330
could and yet it only did it once and it

1806
01:17:06,250 --> 01:17:01,730
will create multicellular life once

1807
01:17:09,400 --> 01:17:06,260
which is even more of weird thing okay

1808
01:17:13,060 --> 01:17:09,410
but I'll test your hypothesis and that

1809
01:17:15,220 --> 01:17:13,070
is life maybe did form twice maybe one

1810
01:17:17,710 --> 01:17:15,230
was RNA based one was DNA base and they

1811
01:17:20,800 --> 01:17:17,720
combined into one and we have life forms

1812
01:17:24,940 --> 01:17:20,810
on earth where we have had those

1813
01:17:27,490 --> 01:17:24,950
combinations of single-celled organisms

1814
01:17:29,260 --> 01:17:27,500
with other kinds of single cells and

1815
01:17:33,730 --> 01:17:29,270
then weak so we have the mitochondria

1816
01:17:35,800 --> 01:17:33,740
inside the inside the inside a cell so

1817
01:17:37,450 --> 01:17:35,810
maybe maybe it did happen twice maybe

1818
01:17:40,240 --> 01:17:37,460
the evidence is there I haven't see how

1819
01:17:42,100 --> 01:17:40,250
further analysis of the biochemistry and

1820
01:17:44,230 --> 01:17:42,110
organic it's that but it would be very

1821
01:17:46,270 --> 01:17:44,240
interesting and it is absolutely the

1822
01:17:50,230 --> 01:17:46,280
other most interesting question you can

1823
01:17:52,240 --> 01:17:50,240
ask right like it's just it's like ever

1824
01:17:57,240 --> 01:17:52,250
again every permutation of it is

1825
01:18:01,090 --> 01:17:57,250
absolutely fascinating and and and I'm I

1826
01:18:03,340 --> 01:18:01,100
love this it's I'm less experienced with

1827
01:18:06,400 --> 01:18:03,350
this and I'm less able to make sense of

1828
01:18:08,290 --> 01:18:06,410
the of the biochemistry but I find the

1829
01:18:11,230 --> 01:18:08,300
search for it absolutely fascinating and

1830
01:18:13,960 --> 01:18:11,240
I can't wait for IO and I read every

1831
01:18:16,270 --> 01:18:13,970
little new insight with great interest

1832
01:18:17,540 --> 01:18:16,280
as people test this out and and this

1833
01:18:19,160 --> 01:18:17,550
whole discovery of

1834
01:18:21,290 --> 01:18:19,170
these volcanic vents at the bottom of

1835
01:18:23,960 --> 01:18:21,300
the oceans really added a lot of really

1836
01:18:25,100 --> 01:18:23,970
interesting fuel to the to the theories

1837
01:18:28,070 --> 01:18:25,110
because now you had this other

1838
01:18:29,240 --> 01:18:28,080
environment that was that had all the

1839
01:18:32,600 --> 01:18:29,250
right conditions for life and perhaps

1840
01:18:35,450 --> 01:18:32,610
perhaps even more protected and and more

1841
01:18:37,790 --> 01:18:35,460
extreme which is is the kind of place

1842
01:18:40,790 --> 01:18:37,800
that life could form so again it's still

1843
01:18:42,830 --> 01:18:40,800
it's still such a big mystery and then

1844
01:18:46,190 --> 01:18:42,840
there are the slimes the subsurface

1845
01:18:49,250 --> 01:18:46,200
little autotrophic ecosystems on earth

1846
01:18:51,380 --> 01:18:49,260
and I wouldn't be the least bit

1847
01:18:54,650 --> 01:18:51,390
surprised if they were found on Mars as

1848
01:18:57,290 --> 01:18:54,660
well because the conditions for slimes

1849
01:18:59,840 --> 01:18:57,300
are on Mars or in Mars I should say

1850
01:19:02,690 --> 01:18:59,850
they're in the rock right you have rocks

1851
01:19:04,460 --> 01:19:02,700
that contain chemical energy and you

1852
01:19:07,340 --> 01:19:04,470
have the organic molecules and the water

1853
01:19:10,730 --> 01:19:07,350
deeper in Mars so I think that's a very

1854
01:19:13,370 --> 01:19:10,740
good that my estimate is well over 50%

1855
01:19:15,760 --> 01:19:13,380
chance of living life on Mars now that's

1856
01:19:19,160 --> 01:19:15,770
my opinion you mean now right now

1857
01:19:22,580 --> 01:19:19,170
yes no living life on Mars now you mean

1858
01:19:24,710 --> 01:19:22,590
when the form of slimes yeah that that

1859
01:19:26,690 --> 01:19:24,720
methane mystery that I mentioned earlier

1860
01:19:32,810 --> 01:19:26,700
is a is a pretty compelling piece of

1861
01:19:35,030 --> 01:19:32,820
evidence and and and that it came that

1862
01:19:36,650 --> 01:19:35,040
the life that the methane came from life

1863
01:19:38,750 --> 01:19:36,660
or that the methane came from volcanoes

1864
01:19:41,570 --> 01:19:38,760
is is a question that can be answered

1865
01:19:43,790 --> 01:19:41,580
and and the answer is gonna be very

1866
01:19:45,380 --> 01:19:43,800
interesting I I I don't know if I give

1867
01:19:47,840 --> 01:19:45,390
it a 50 percent chance but I wouldn't

1868
01:19:49,160 --> 01:19:47,850
you know I would give it like a 30

1869
01:19:52,930 --> 01:19:49,170
percent chance I am but like we're in

1870
01:19:55,570 --> 01:19:52,940
the same couple of tens of percentages

1871
01:19:58,300 --> 01:19:55,580
hey Jim thanks so much for the call

1872
01:20:01,640 --> 01:19:58,310
thank you bye all right bye now

1873
01:20:04,610 --> 01:20:01,650
so when I am also in pink in in British

1874
01:20:07,400 --> 01:20:04,620
Columbia so oh yeah this your familiar

1875
01:20:09,800 --> 01:20:07,410
accent yeah got it

1876
01:20:11,990 --> 01:20:09,810
speaking of that you you have a lot of

1877
01:20:13,250 --> 01:20:12,000
cloudy weather there don't you I mean is

1878
01:20:16,130 --> 01:20:13,260
it hard to get out there with a

1879
01:20:19,370 --> 01:20:16,140
telescope a lot of the time yeah so I

1880
01:20:22,010 --> 01:20:19,380
don't bother I have I have a great

1881
01:20:24,350 --> 01:20:22,020
partnership with ocean side photo and

1882
01:20:26,060 --> 01:20:24,360
telescope which is a telescope shop out

1883
01:20:28,520 --> 01:20:26,070
of San Diego which has perfect weather

1884
01:20:30,040 --> 01:20:28,530
and they have their building remote

1885
01:20:31,540 --> 01:20:30,050
telescopes around the

1886
01:20:34,000 --> 01:20:31,550
and they let me use their remote

1887
01:20:36,160 --> 01:20:34,010
telescopes so a couple of times a week

1888
01:20:37,780 --> 01:20:36,170
actually if people are interested on my

1889
01:20:40,750 --> 01:20:37,790
twitch channel and on my youtube channel

1890
01:20:44,410 --> 01:20:40,760
I hook up these camp these telescopes to

1891
01:20:46,450 --> 01:20:44,420
the to the internet to a live stream and

1892
01:20:49,930 --> 01:20:46,460
then I just like take requests and just

1893
01:20:51,930 --> 01:20:49,940
observe stuff in the night sky so we

1894
01:20:55,900 --> 01:20:51,940
call these virtual star parties and

1895
01:20:57,850 --> 01:20:55,910
we'll go after 10 20 30 objects that are

1896
01:20:59,320 --> 01:20:57,860
in the night sky tonight and just take

1897
01:21:01,720 --> 01:20:59,330
pictures alive so you want to see

1898
01:21:04,959 --> 01:21:01,730
Andromeda galaxies you want to see the

1899
01:21:08,080 --> 01:21:04,969
helix nebula if there's comets we'll try

1900
01:21:09,820 --> 01:21:08,090
and observe them as well and and we have

1901
01:21:12,160 --> 01:21:09,830
a lot of fun so so that's the way I get

1902
01:21:13,690 --> 01:21:12,170
around it is is I use technology and I

1903
01:21:15,400 --> 01:21:13,700
use telescopes that are located in

1904
01:21:17,260 --> 01:21:15,410
places with much better weather than me

1905
01:21:19,209 --> 01:21:17,270
to be able to still do the observing

1906
01:21:22,450 --> 01:21:19,219
that makes sense total sense a couple

1907
01:21:26,350 --> 01:21:22,460
questions I have for you in in astronomy

1908
01:21:29,560 --> 01:21:26,360
in general and and I do want to get I do

1909
01:21:32,350 --> 01:21:29,570
want to talk about asteroids too but the

1910
01:21:35,709 --> 01:21:32,360
Big Bang the Big Bang is always just

1911
01:21:37,300 --> 01:21:35,719
it's so hard to conceive and it's so

1912
01:21:41,170 --> 01:21:37,310
hard to conceive what could possibly

1913
01:21:43,660 --> 01:21:41,180
have been before it do you think it's

1914
01:21:46,000 --> 01:21:43,670
possible that we may have some part of

1915
01:21:50,410 --> 01:21:46,010
that very wrong or do you think we have

1916
01:21:52,690 --> 01:21:50,420
it sewn up the evidence for the big bang

1917
01:21:55,209 --> 01:21:52,700
and like I think it's really important

1918
01:21:59,020 --> 01:21:55,219
to separate this right so the idea of

1919
01:22:04,030 --> 01:21:59,030
the Big Bang is is this discovery that

1920
01:22:07,180 --> 01:22:04,040
was made 80 years ago that galaxies in

1921
01:22:13,030 --> 01:22:07,190
the universe are moving away from us in

1922
01:22:14,740 --> 01:22:13,040
all directions and so if if you look in

1923
01:22:17,590 --> 01:22:14,750
in every direction you see these

1924
01:22:19,900 --> 01:22:17,600
galaxies and they are and and the the

1925
01:22:22,330 --> 01:22:19,910
methodology of measuring the distance

1926
01:22:24,550 --> 01:22:22,340
the the rate that these galaxies are

1927
01:22:27,610 --> 01:22:24,560
moving away from us is very is very

1928
01:22:29,380 --> 01:22:27,620
accurate very precise and so you know

1929
01:22:31,420 --> 01:22:29,390
you come to this conclusion that these

1930
01:22:32,920 --> 01:22:31,430
these galaxies are all moving away so

1931
01:22:35,260 --> 01:22:32,930
then you ask yourself well if you just

1932
01:22:37,240 --> 01:22:35,270
run the clock backwards was there time

1933
01:22:38,979 --> 01:22:37,250
when what are all these galaxies that

1934
01:22:41,950 --> 01:22:38,989
are moving away from us we're closer

1935
01:22:43,240 --> 01:22:41,960
together right and that is really at the

1936
01:22:46,360 --> 01:22:43,250
heart of it that's all the big

1937
01:22:49,180 --> 01:22:46,370
says the big bank says the universe is

1938
01:22:53,200 --> 01:22:49,190
less dense to today and it was more

1939
01:22:55,140 --> 01:22:53,210
dense in the past and and you can run

1940
01:22:57,670 --> 01:22:55,150
the clock back all the way back until

1941
01:23:00,010 --> 01:22:57,680
13.8 billion years ago at a time when

1942
01:23:04,270 --> 01:23:00,020
the universe was as dense as the heart

1943
01:23:06,220 --> 01:23:04,280
of a star and run the clock even further

1944
01:23:08,980 --> 01:23:06,230
back than that to a point when the

1945
01:23:12,790 --> 01:23:08,990
universe was so hot and so dense that

1946
01:23:17,920 --> 01:23:12,800
atoms themselves wouldn't form they were

1947
01:23:20,830 --> 01:23:17,930
just this soup of of hot energy and and

1948
01:23:23,710 --> 01:23:20,840
then you and then something caused this

1949
01:23:26,170 --> 01:23:23,720
expansion to happen what caused the

1950
01:23:29,110 --> 01:23:26,180
expansion we don't know what came before

1951
01:23:33,640 --> 01:23:29,120
the expansion we don't know the Big

1952
01:23:36,760 --> 01:23:33,650
Bang's job is to not tell you what came

1953
01:23:38,920 --> 01:23:36,770
before all the Big Bang says is huh this

1954
01:23:40,840 --> 01:23:38,930
is weird the universe is expanding that

1955
01:23:42,820 --> 01:23:40,850
means it was probably close together in

1956
01:23:44,650 --> 01:23:42,830
the past and astronomers have searched

1957
01:23:47,830 --> 01:23:44,660
for evidence that the universe was close

1958
01:23:49,180 --> 01:23:47,840
together in the past and they find it in

1959
01:23:53,800 --> 01:23:49,190
the cosmic microwave background

1960
01:23:56,680 --> 01:23:53,810
radiation this is time when when the

1961
01:23:58,690 --> 01:23:56,690
moment when the universe had cooled down

1962
01:24:00,910 --> 01:23:58,700
to the point that light was able to

1963
01:24:03,940 --> 01:24:00,920
escape into the universe when they look

1964
01:24:05,980 --> 01:24:03,950
at the quantities of hydrogen like the

1965
01:24:09,100 --> 01:24:05,990
ratio between hydrogen and helium

1966
01:24:11,020 --> 01:24:09,110
because for a certain amount of time the

1967
01:24:14,230 --> 01:24:11,030
entire universe was acting like a star

1968
01:24:16,390 --> 01:24:14,240
it was actively fusing hydrogen into

1969
01:24:18,610 --> 01:24:16,400
helium and so and so astronomers have

1970
01:24:20,620 --> 01:24:18,620
found this and and and many more other

1971
01:24:23,080 --> 01:24:20,630
lines of evidence that say yes indeed

1972
01:24:25,720 --> 01:24:23,090
the universe is expanding it was more

1973
01:24:28,480 --> 01:24:25,730
dense in the past and was really really

1974
01:24:32,620 --> 01:24:28,490
dense 13.8 billion years ago

1975
01:24:34,660 --> 01:24:32,630
but but and evolution is a great example

1976
01:24:36,310 --> 01:24:34,670
of a similar question that you ask

1977
01:24:40,270 --> 01:24:36,320
yourself right do we see bacteria

1978
01:24:44,320 --> 01:24:40,280
changing do we do we assume that thanks

1979
01:24:46,120 --> 01:24:44,330
to evolution natural selection different

1980
01:24:48,790 --> 01:24:46,130
bird species diverged from one another

1981
01:24:50,710 --> 01:24:48,800
yes the evidence is overwhelming on so

1982
01:24:52,990 --> 01:24:50,720
many levels where did that first life

1983
01:24:55,420 --> 01:24:53,000
form come from don't know yeah

1984
01:24:56,950 --> 01:24:55,430
evolutions job is not to answer that

1985
01:24:57,220 --> 01:24:56,960
question evolution just says look at all

1986
01:25:00,370 --> 01:24:57,230
this

1987
01:25:01,750 --> 01:25:00,380
changing its some other theories job to

1988
01:25:02,979 --> 01:25:01,760
figure out where that first life-form

1989
01:25:04,690 --> 01:25:02,989
came from Wow

1990
01:25:06,670 --> 01:25:04,700
we have a caller on the line hold on

1991
01:25:09,250 --> 01:25:06,680
just one moment I have one quick other

1992
01:25:11,920 --> 01:25:09,260
question do you I know you don't like to

1993
01:25:13,390 --> 01:25:11,930
guess about anything but I'm gonna ask

1994
01:25:17,040 --> 01:25:13,400
you to guess anyway do you think that

1995
01:25:22,240 --> 01:25:17,050
there was time before the Big Bang

1996
01:25:24,160 --> 01:25:22,250
well the one I mean this is now sort of

1997
01:25:27,310 --> 01:25:24,170
going to beyond my paygrade as a

1998
01:25:31,440 --> 01:25:27,320
journalist but the people that I have

1999
01:25:34,090 --> 01:25:31,450
talked to you know space and time are

2000
01:25:36,250 --> 01:25:34,100
connected and this is one of the the

2001
01:25:40,360 --> 01:25:36,260
things that Einstein helped us

2002
01:25:43,450 --> 01:25:40,370
understand with his with his theories of

2003
01:25:48,370 --> 01:25:43,460
relativity and so it really does seem

2004
01:25:51,040 --> 01:25:48,380
like you can't have time without without

2005
01:25:56,170 --> 01:25:51,050
the space without the universe and that

2006
01:25:59,590 --> 01:25:56,180
time is is part of it so so was there

2007
01:26:02,470 --> 01:25:59,600
time before the universe we don't know

2008
01:26:05,020 --> 01:26:02,480
yeah it's a huge are there other

2009
01:26:08,080 --> 01:26:05,030
universes where time exists in different

2010
01:26:09,850 --> 01:26:08,090
ways we don't know there are one example

2011
01:26:11,770 --> 01:26:09,860
there's this idea of inflation one of

2012
01:26:15,190 --> 01:26:11,780
the explanations like the Big Bang has a

2013
01:26:17,140 --> 01:26:15,200
bunch of of the in its current form has

2014
01:26:18,670 --> 01:26:17,150
some things that it doesn't explain very

2015
01:26:19,780 --> 01:26:18,680
well about observations that have been

2016
01:26:21,850 --> 01:26:19,790
made in the universe and so this

2017
01:26:23,320 --> 01:26:21,860
additional theory called inflation to

2018
01:26:25,510 --> 01:26:23,330
help explain what happened in the

2019
01:26:27,100 --> 01:26:25,520
earliest moments of the universe has

2020
01:26:28,210 --> 01:26:27,110
been proposed and now astronomers are

2021
01:26:30,640 --> 01:26:28,220
searching for evidence of this

2022
01:26:32,530 --> 01:26:30,650
inflationary period but one of the

2023
01:26:34,540 --> 01:26:32,540
things that it requires is the creation

2024
01:26:38,350 --> 01:26:34,550
literally that there are other universes

2025
01:26:39,850 --> 01:26:38,360
as well so you kind of can't have one

2026
01:26:42,670 --> 01:26:39,860
without the other and so it could very

2027
01:26:44,200 --> 01:26:42,680
well be that that time is there was time

2028
01:26:45,640 --> 01:26:44,210
and it could very well be that the time

2029
01:26:47,080 --> 01:26:45,650
is part of the universe but again this

2030
01:26:50,470 --> 01:26:47,090
is these are the questions you ask

2031
01:26:52,810 --> 01:26:50,480
cosmologists not space journalist ok

2032
01:26:55,479 --> 01:26:52,820
caller welcome to the show your first

2033
01:26:57,580 --> 01:26:55,489
name and where are you calling from this

2034
01:27:00,130 --> 01:26:57,590
is Bobby from North Carolina Oh Bobby

2035
01:27:02,470 --> 01:27:00,140
how you doing good good how are you

2036
01:27:05,380 --> 01:27:02,480
great great you have a question for our

2037
01:27:07,330 --> 01:27:05,390
guest actually I guess yeah two

2038
01:27:08,740 --> 01:27:07,340
observations um first of all I really

2039
01:27:10,720 --> 01:27:08,750
don't believe your guest I think you

2040
01:27:11,250 --> 01:27:10,730
really have seen an UFO and doesn't want

2041
01:27:14,439 --> 01:27:11,260
to mention

2042
01:27:16,390 --> 01:27:14,449
right now he pretty much looks like the

2043
01:27:18,040 --> 01:27:16,400
character that played Ronnie played

2044
01:27:19,959 --> 01:27:18,050
migration Dreyfuss on the Close

2045
01:27:21,040 --> 01:27:19,969
Encounters of the Third Kind he looked

2046
01:27:24,250 --> 01:27:21,050
like he's got some kind of severe

2047
01:27:29,049 --> 01:27:24,260
sunburn going yeah yeah I just came back

2048
01:27:32,189 --> 01:27:29,059
from two weeks in the Caribbean Sea say

2049
01:27:35,529 --> 01:27:32,199
that evidence that's evidence Bobby yeah

2050
01:27:36,669 --> 01:27:35,539
and the Caribbean dangerous we could

2051
01:27:38,919 --> 01:27:36,679
have missing time down there really

2052
01:27:42,790 --> 01:27:38,929
easily yeah I know it's a lot of

2053
01:27:45,850 --> 01:27:42,800
triangles going on there the other thing

2054
01:27:46,839 --> 01:27:45,860
you brought up the umayal mouth asteroid

2055
01:27:50,739 --> 01:27:46,849
that came by the earth

2056
01:27:52,479 --> 01:27:50,749
I find it real interesting that it came

2057
01:27:54,759 --> 01:27:52,489
in at a really perfect trajectory came

2058
01:27:56,770 --> 01:27:54,769
in between the Sun and mercury and came

2059
01:27:58,750 --> 01:27:56,780
up from the southern hemisphere of the

2060
01:28:01,959 --> 01:27:58,760
earth at a very high velocity really

2061
01:28:03,489 --> 01:28:01,969
fast it wasn't seen till actually it

2062
01:28:03,910 --> 01:28:03,499
didn't pass the earth because it was so

2063
01:28:07,689 --> 01:28:03,920
dark

2064
01:28:10,239 --> 01:28:07,699
they're saying it's a comet now because

2065
01:28:12,850 --> 01:28:10,249
apparently did it force projectory as it

2066
01:28:14,459 --> 01:28:12,860
was leaving the solar system and you

2067
01:28:17,049 --> 01:28:14,469
know an asteroid shouldn't do of course

2068
01:28:18,429 --> 01:28:17,059
trajectory but if it was a comet it

2069
01:28:19,629 --> 01:28:18,439
should have out gas when they passed by

2070
01:28:21,339 --> 01:28:19,639
the Sun and they would have seen it

2071
01:28:23,709 --> 01:28:21,349
meant the other thing that I find really

2072
01:28:26,739 --> 01:28:23,719
interesting about that is it was radar

2073
01:28:29,259 --> 01:28:26,749
imaged and zero images of it had been

2074
01:28:33,339 --> 01:28:29,269
released it's reported it was 15

2075
01:28:35,379 --> 01:28:33,349
kilometers wide and 77 vomited up the

2076
01:28:37,779 --> 01:28:35,389
cylindrical shape I just find it really

2077
01:28:40,120 --> 01:28:37,789
odd that no radar introduced at all it's

2078
01:28:42,429 --> 01:28:40,130
been released and I'll take my answer

2079
01:28:44,379 --> 01:28:42,439
off the air there all right important

2080
01:28:49,140 --> 01:28:44,389
thanks

2081
01:28:52,870 --> 01:28:49,150
yeah so that idea of a muumuu that was a

2082
01:28:56,259 --> 01:28:52,880
was discovered last year in a really

2083
01:28:58,179 --> 01:28:56,269
interesting trajectory one that

2084
01:29:01,449 --> 01:28:58,189
indicated that it that its source was

2085
01:29:04,089 --> 01:29:01,459
outside of the of the solar system as

2086
01:29:05,770 --> 01:29:04,099
soon as it was discovered I mean this is

2087
01:29:07,569 --> 01:29:05,780
the way these observations work there's

2088
01:29:09,549 --> 01:29:07,579
this network of astronomers and someone

2089
01:29:11,049 --> 01:29:09,559
says I'm seeing something weird can

2090
01:29:13,060 --> 01:29:11,059
anyone confirm this do you actually go

2091
01:29:16,509 --> 01:29:13,070
back and and watch these conversations

2092
01:29:18,699 --> 01:29:16,519
unfold between astronomers and more and

2093
01:29:20,859 --> 01:29:18,709
more people came online and and observe

2094
01:29:24,160 --> 01:29:20,869
the same object and saw the same kind of

2095
01:29:25,000 --> 01:29:24,170
motion that it was making the and as

2096
01:29:31,689 --> 01:29:25,010
your caller exact

2097
01:29:34,299 --> 01:29:31,699
we said as it moved through the past the

2098
01:29:36,250 --> 01:29:34,309
Sun it didn't create a coma didn't

2099
01:29:38,080 --> 01:29:36,260
didn't the in the way that a comet would

2100
01:29:40,750 --> 01:29:38,090
and so they made the assumption that it

2101
01:29:43,450 --> 01:29:40,760
was an asteroid but then the trajectory

2102
01:29:46,509 --> 01:29:43,460
that it took had the kind of random

2103
01:29:48,310 --> 01:29:46,519
drifting that comets tend to do as they

2104
01:29:50,250 --> 01:29:48,320
are outgassing and so the answer right

2105
01:29:54,700 --> 01:29:50,260
now is that it probably was a comment

2106
01:29:58,509 --> 01:29:54,710
and but why didn't demonstrate a coma is

2107
01:30:00,250 --> 01:29:58,519
still a mystery what you know exactly

2108
01:30:03,580 --> 01:30:00,260
how it's out casting is still a mystery

2109
01:30:05,919 --> 01:30:03,590
as well um I don't know of any radar

2110
01:30:08,470 --> 01:30:05,929
images that were that were attempted to

2111
01:30:10,810 --> 01:30:08,480
be taken of it a lot of times they do in

2112
01:30:13,839 --> 01:30:10,820
fact there's a really cool comet that's

2113
01:30:16,990 --> 01:30:13,849
gonna be passing the earth shortly they

2114
01:30:19,060 --> 01:30:17,000
call it the the Halloween comment it's

2115
01:30:21,970 --> 01:30:19,070
this really looks like a skull and you

2116
01:30:26,740 --> 01:30:21,980
know and so astronomers will actively

2117
01:30:29,200 --> 01:30:26,750
fire radar at one of these objects then

2118
01:30:30,850 --> 01:30:29,210
they see the images that bounce back and

2119
01:30:32,140 --> 01:30:30,860
then they can they can analyze them one

2120
01:30:34,540 --> 01:30:32,150
thing that's great talking about the the

2121
01:30:37,089 --> 01:30:34,550
SETI Institute they attempted they

2122
01:30:40,359 --> 01:30:37,099
turned the the telescopes of the

2123
01:30:41,740 --> 01:30:40,369
breakthrough listen array at omamo to

2124
01:30:43,779 --> 01:30:41,750
try and see if they could detect any

2125
01:30:45,520 --> 01:30:43,789
signal coming from it and apparently if

2126
01:30:48,310 --> 01:30:45,530
you were on the surface of a moo-moo

2127
01:30:53,649 --> 01:30:48,320
with a with a cellphone they would have

2128
01:31:00,819 --> 01:30:53,659
detected it so so I I was not I mean I

2129
01:31:06,040 --> 01:31:00,829
getting Google it was anyone had done

2130
01:31:10,540 --> 01:31:06,050
any radar images of it but I haven't

2131
01:31:14,140 --> 01:31:10,550
seen anything the the shape that they

2132
01:31:15,520 --> 01:31:14,150
knew of they used with they were simply

2133
01:31:16,330 --> 01:31:15,530
looked at the brightness of the object

2134
01:31:17,890 --> 01:31:16,340
and it could tell that it was

2135
01:31:19,359 --> 01:31:17,900
brightening and dimming in a way that

2136
01:31:21,549 --> 01:31:19,369
showed that it was tumbling and they

2137
01:31:23,560 --> 01:31:21,559
could tell what the what the dimensions

2138
01:31:25,209 --> 01:31:23,570
were that it was very cylindrical shaped

2139
01:31:26,890 --> 01:31:25,219
and the problem is that it's moving

2140
01:31:30,040 --> 01:31:26,900
through the solar system at 60

2141
01:31:33,370 --> 01:31:30,050
kilometers per second and is gone and

2142
01:31:35,020 --> 01:31:33,380
that was our shot and there's no way to

2143
01:31:38,029 --> 01:31:35,030
catch up with it and look at it any

2144
01:31:39,709 --> 01:31:38,039
better so so until the next one comes

2145
01:31:42,949 --> 01:31:39,719
along we're gonna have to say goodbye to

2146
01:31:45,229 --> 01:31:42,959
that one I I know on your astronomy cast

2147
01:31:47,209 --> 01:31:45,239
I've heard you and Pamela say a number

2148
01:31:47,599 --> 01:31:47,219
of times the universe is trying to kill

2149
01:31:50,179 --> 01:31:47,609
us

2150
01:31:52,939 --> 01:31:50,189
I believe that look one of your favorite

2151
01:31:54,139 --> 01:31:52,949
sayings right it definitely is it you

2152
01:32:00,859 --> 01:31:54,149
know could have tried harder with this

2153
01:32:03,169 --> 01:32:00,869
one because it wasn't very close but but

2154
01:32:05,359 --> 01:32:03,179
yeah absolutely the universe is the

2155
01:32:06,979 --> 01:32:05,369
universe is a large and hostile place

2156
01:32:09,619 --> 01:32:06,989
that doesn't care about us one bit

2157
01:32:11,349 --> 01:32:09,629
that's right yeah and we're you know

2158
01:32:13,939 --> 01:32:11,359
it's hard when you're walking around

2159
01:32:16,129 --> 01:32:13,949
everyday life and you're looking up at

2160
01:32:18,079 --> 01:32:16,139
the beautiful blue sky to know that it's

2161
01:32:20,209 --> 01:32:18,089
almost like The Truman Show it's open up

2162
01:32:21,709 --> 01:32:20,219
above anything can fall in you know like

2163
01:32:25,309 --> 01:32:21,719
I don't know if you ever saw that when a

2164
01:32:27,199 --> 01:32:25,319
light photon or something but so but

2165
01:32:29,119 --> 01:32:27,209
we're just so vulnerable we're

2166
01:32:31,159 --> 01:32:29,129
vulnerable because we're going through

2167
01:32:33,469 --> 01:32:31,169
space at whatever it is 40,000 miles an

2168
01:32:36,079 --> 01:32:33,479
hour I don't even know what it is you

2169
01:32:37,879 --> 01:32:36,089
know anything happen and this leads me

2170
01:32:40,069 --> 01:32:37,889
yeah the topic of asteroids because

2171
01:32:42,259 --> 01:32:40,079
we're on it right now

2172
01:32:45,379 --> 01:32:42,269
and I remember there was an astronaut

2173
01:32:48,829 --> 01:32:45,389
that started some type of foundation to

2174
01:32:50,989 --> 01:32:48,839
look into protecting us from asteroids

2175
01:32:53,000 --> 01:32:50,999
how important I think it's very

2176
01:32:56,299 --> 01:32:53,010
important myself what are your thoughts

2177
01:32:58,429 --> 01:32:56,309
on that yeah it's I'm sort of a little

2178
01:33:00,259 --> 01:32:58,439
bit mixed so it used to scare me more

2179
01:33:02,389 --> 01:33:00,269
than it does today and then maybe that's

2180
01:33:04,369 --> 01:33:02,399
because more these objects have been

2181
01:33:10,219 --> 01:33:04,379
discovered but you're talking about the

2182
01:33:13,309 --> 01:33:10,229
b612 foundation as which and and their

2183
01:33:15,889 --> 01:33:13,319
goal was to really push this idea that

2184
01:33:18,289 --> 01:33:15,899
we are just one bad space rock away from

2185
01:33:20,079 --> 01:33:18,299
from destruction and it's absolutely

2186
01:33:23,389 --> 01:33:20,089
true when you look back through history

2187
01:33:24,739 --> 01:33:23,399
many of the great extinction extinctions

2188
01:33:27,049 --> 01:33:24,749
that have happened here on earth were

2189
01:33:29,149 --> 01:33:27,059
caused by an asteroid there are it is

2190
01:33:31,279 --> 01:33:29,159
not a question of if it's a matter of

2191
01:33:33,649 --> 01:33:31,289
when another big space rock is gonna

2192
01:33:35,899 --> 01:33:33,659
crash into the earth and and and do a

2193
01:33:38,599 --> 01:33:35,909
lot of damage the last time one was

2194
01:33:42,889 --> 01:33:38,609
really destructive was 65 million years

2195
01:33:45,109 --> 01:33:42,899
ago so we've seen things like Tunguska

2196
01:33:47,929 --> 01:33:45,119
yeah and when we saw the Chelyabinsk

2197
01:33:50,929 --> 01:33:47,939
meteor that that crashed over Russia

2198
01:33:51,560 --> 01:33:50,939
back like ten years ago now it's a

2199
01:33:57,410 --> 01:33:51,570
better I think

2200
01:33:59,180 --> 01:33:57,420
yeah yeah it's been a long time so so so

2201
01:34:00,560 --> 01:33:59,190
we see that we are still in a shooting

2202
01:34:02,479 --> 01:34:00,570
gallery it turns out that probably

2203
01:34:04,720 --> 01:34:02,489
there's there's a dozen events like

2204
01:34:08,930 --> 01:34:04,730
jelly beans that happen every every

2205
01:34:11,540 --> 01:34:08,940
decade so if one of those like a

2206
01:34:16,490 --> 01:34:11,550
Tunguska hits a city then the loss of

2207
01:34:19,370 --> 01:34:16,500
life would be enormous so so that's

2208
01:34:22,010 --> 01:34:19,380
definitely a concern NASA has had had a

2209
01:34:24,560 --> 01:34:22,020
bit of a mandate to search for a large

2210
01:34:26,899 --> 01:34:24,570
percentage of the most dangerous

2211
01:34:30,319 --> 01:34:26,909
asteroids and they've completed that so

2212
01:34:35,450 --> 01:34:30,329
we now know that there are no more there

2213
01:34:37,939 --> 01:34:35,460
are no dangerous Yucatan Peninsula kind

2214
01:34:40,459 --> 01:34:37,949
of asteroid impacts coming our way

2215
01:34:45,770 --> 01:34:40,469
but there is still an enormous number in

2216
01:34:47,720 --> 01:34:45,780
that 10 meter 2 kilometer range and so

2217
01:34:50,899 --> 01:34:47,730
there's a couple of missions in the

2218
01:34:52,790 --> 01:34:50,909
works that will potentially try to track

2219
01:34:55,970 --> 01:34:52,800
these down both ground and space-based

2220
01:34:58,819 --> 01:34:55,980
there's one called neo cam nearer that a

2221
01:35:00,740 --> 01:34:58,829
near Earth object cam which is going to

2222
01:35:03,200 --> 01:35:00,750
be a space telescope that will scan the

2223
01:35:06,169 --> 01:35:03,210
skies in the infrared spectrum looking

2224
01:35:09,140 --> 01:35:06,179
for these cooler asteroids and then

2225
01:35:10,669 --> 01:35:09,150
there is the there's a there's a

2226
01:35:12,350 --> 01:35:10,679
ground-based Observatory that I'm really

2227
01:35:14,780 --> 01:35:12,360
excited about called the large synoptic

2228
01:35:17,720 --> 01:35:14,790
survey telescope and it is going to be

2229
01:35:19,399 --> 01:35:17,730
this amazing instrument that scans the

2230
01:35:22,100 --> 01:35:19,409
entire night sky at a really high

2231
01:35:24,109 --> 01:35:22,110
resolution every couple of days so every

2232
01:35:26,060 --> 01:35:24,119
couple of nights it's it's gonna be out

2233
01:35:27,979 --> 01:35:26,070
of Chile oh yeah with all of the other

2234
01:35:31,609 --> 01:35:27,989
big observatories down in Chile yes guys

2235
01:35:33,470 --> 01:35:31,619
so it clear there yeah yeah and and you

2236
01:35:35,510 --> 01:35:33,480
can kind of get up into the high Andes

2237
01:35:37,010 --> 01:35:35,520
and get in the desert and and there's a

2238
01:35:38,240 --> 01:35:37,020
lot of space for observatories down

2239
01:35:39,859 --> 01:35:38,250
there it's kind of a shame there isn't

2240
01:35:42,080 --> 01:35:39,869
there won't be a version in the northern

2241
01:35:45,189 --> 01:35:42,090
hemisphere so so the southern hemisphere

2242
01:35:47,180 --> 01:35:45,199
will know but the North is a mystery um

2243
01:35:48,770 --> 01:35:47,190
and that's actually a bigger problem in

2244
01:35:50,240 --> 01:35:48,780
astronomy right now is there's a lot

2245
01:35:51,560 --> 01:35:50,250
more observatories getting built into

2246
01:35:54,649 --> 01:35:51,570
the southern hemisphere and not as many

2247
01:35:55,790 --> 01:35:54,659
in the North but um but yeah and so so

2248
01:35:58,669 --> 01:35:55,800
the LSST

2249
01:35:59,959 --> 01:35:58,679
on its own as part of it in as part of

2250
01:36:02,689 --> 01:35:59,969
all the other things that it does

2251
01:36:05,150 --> 01:36:02,699
discovering dwarf planets and finding

2252
01:36:08,750 --> 01:36:05,160
supernovae and and all that is

2253
01:36:12,230 --> 01:36:08,760
could be the instrument that finds 90%

2254
01:36:15,200 --> 01:36:12,240
of the dangerous space rocks within a

2255
01:36:16,940 --> 01:36:15,210
decade so so we are now around the

2256
01:36:18,830 --> 01:36:16,950
corner of being able to do that now once

2257
01:36:20,570 --> 01:36:18,840
you have found them then you need to

2258
01:36:22,190 --> 01:36:20,580
find out whether you can stop them and

2259
01:36:23,750 --> 01:36:22,200
so there's a bunch of other missions

2260
01:36:25,250 --> 01:36:23,760
that are in the works and the one that

2261
01:36:28,970 --> 01:36:25,260
NASA is working on right now is called

2262
01:36:31,430 --> 01:36:28,980
dart and and I figured the acronym

2263
01:36:34,310 --> 01:36:31,440
stands for but the gist is that they're

2264
01:36:37,220 --> 01:36:34,320
going to try to redirect an asteroid so

2265
01:36:39,770 --> 01:36:37,230
they're graphics they're gonna slam an

2266
01:36:41,870 --> 01:36:39,780
impactor into an asteroid and then find

2267
01:36:43,820 --> 01:36:41,880
out how much that they were able to

2268
01:36:46,850 --> 01:36:43,830
change the trajectory of the asteroid

2269
01:36:51,650 --> 01:36:46,860
and then use that as a way to figure out

2270
01:36:53,210 --> 01:36:51,660
whether what it'll take if we do find a

2271
01:36:56,210 --> 01:36:53,220
potentially dangerous asteroid down the

2272
01:36:58,370 --> 01:36:56,220
road so it's it's work that's overdue in

2273
01:37:02,360 --> 01:36:58,380
my opinion and I'm glad that this is

2274
01:37:04,310 --> 01:37:02,370
being done and to just the only way to

2275
01:37:06,110 --> 01:37:04,320
know if there's anything we can do about

2276
01:37:08,750 --> 01:37:06,120
these things to try to do things about

2277
01:37:10,580 --> 01:37:08,760
them and until we have done this we

2278
01:37:12,440 --> 01:37:10,590
won't know what's the best way peoples

2279
01:37:13,850 --> 01:37:12,450
ask me what's the best way to stop an

2280
01:37:15,260 --> 01:37:13,860
asteroid and the answer is I don't know

2281
01:37:17,120 --> 01:37:15,270
we don't know we haven't done the

2282
01:37:18,830 --> 01:37:17,130
experiments yet right we haven't tried

2283
01:37:20,450 --> 01:37:18,840
moving them with a gravity tractor we

2284
01:37:21,620 --> 01:37:20,460
haven't tried banging into them we

2285
01:37:23,390 --> 01:37:21,630
haven't tried shooting them with a laser

2286
01:37:25,460 --> 01:37:23,400
we haven't tried painting them we

2287
01:37:29,300 --> 01:37:25,470
haven't tried attaching a solar sail we

2288
01:37:31,640 --> 01:37:29,310
haven't tried detaching of a maglev mass

2289
01:37:33,230 --> 01:37:31,650
driver to them and try firing debris off

2290
01:37:34,520 --> 01:37:33,240
of them we haven't tried hitting them

2291
01:37:38,060 --> 01:37:34,530
with a nuclear weapon like just so many

2292
01:37:39,890 --> 01:37:38,070
things that we can do to asteroids and

2293
01:37:42,110 --> 01:37:39,900
we don't know which one is gonna be the

2294
01:37:44,450 --> 01:37:42,120
one that helps us protect earth so I

2295
01:37:46,910 --> 01:37:44,460
want to want to try them all I think we

2296
01:37:48,080 --> 01:37:46,920
should now you mentioned earlier and I

2297
01:37:50,660 --> 01:37:48,090
don't remember if you said it was an

2298
01:37:52,610 --> 01:37:50,670
asteroid or what it was but had actually

2299
01:37:54,350 --> 01:37:52,620
there was evidence that it had traveled

2300
01:37:56,240 --> 01:37:54,360
through another solar system besides

2301
01:37:58,280 --> 01:37:56,250
ours do you remember that

2302
01:38:00,290 --> 01:37:58,290
that was the old mumu that I was talkin

2303
01:38:03,740 --> 01:38:00,300
okay so that was that so in particular

2304
01:38:06,880 --> 01:38:03,750
is it this is just a type of thing

2305
01:38:11,420 --> 01:38:06,890
either hypothetical is it possible that

2306
01:38:14,210 --> 01:38:11,430
we may someday encounter say a cluster

2307
01:38:16,310 --> 01:38:14,220
of asteroids that were just plain

2308
01:38:18,470 --> 01:38:16,320
unknown because we had never seen them

2309
01:38:22,910 --> 01:38:18,480
before or they were in a part where

2310
01:38:26,390 --> 01:38:22,920
our lifetime our are as far as we've

2311
01:38:28,750 --> 01:38:26,400
been had the ability to look the last

2312
01:38:32,060 --> 01:38:28,760
time it came close was way beyond that

2313
01:38:33,950 --> 01:38:32,070
well I mean there there are the comets

2314
01:38:35,930 --> 01:38:33,960
the long period comets that that come

2315
01:38:37,850 --> 01:38:35,940
from the Oort cloud and they when they

2316
01:38:39,979 --> 01:38:37,860
make their journey down into the middle

2317
01:38:43,370 --> 01:38:39,989
of the solar system they're making their

2318
01:38:47,810 --> 01:38:43,380
first journey from me from the edges of

2319
01:38:50,210 --> 01:38:47,820
of space and so from the solar system so

2320
01:38:51,680 --> 01:38:50,220
so those guys and it made me take them a

2321
01:38:53,600 --> 01:38:51,690
million years or a hundred thousand

2322
01:38:55,640 --> 01:38:53,610
years to fall in from the Oort cloud

2323
01:38:57,920 --> 01:38:55,650
down into this into the inner solar

2324
01:39:01,610 --> 01:38:57,930
system and and make a close flyby of the

2325
01:39:02,780 --> 01:39:01,620
Sun and then back out so those are the

2326
01:39:04,700 --> 01:39:02,790
ones and there's really no way to

2327
01:39:06,350 --> 01:39:04,710
predict or prevent them they come out of

2328
01:39:08,990 --> 01:39:06,360
nowhere they're coming at tremendous

2329
01:39:10,790 --> 01:39:09,000
velocities they zip through the inner

2330
01:39:14,300 --> 01:39:10,800
solar system and they fly back out again

2331
01:39:16,880 --> 01:39:14,310
and you may have months to prepare for

2332
01:39:19,040 --> 01:39:16,890
the impact of a comet like that those

2333
01:39:22,250 --> 01:39:19,050
are the ones these these interstellar

2334
01:39:24,729 --> 01:39:22,260
objects that are moving 60 you know 60

2335
01:39:27,680 --> 01:39:24,739
kilometres a second on a hyperbolic

2336
01:39:30,440 --> 01:39:27,690
orbit you would have no way to prevent

2337
01:39:32,600 --> 01:39:30,450
them as well if one was on a direct

2338
01:39:34,250 --> 01:39:32,610
impact with earth it would just come out

2339
01:39:35,990 --> 01:39:34,260
of nowhere and hit the earth and you

2340
01:39:41,510 --> 01:39:36,000
would have really no warning beyond it

2341
01:39:43,310 --> 01:39:41,520
maybe a couple of weeks at most but oh I

2342
01:39:45,380 --> 01:39:43,320
should say but but the but the ones that

2343
01:39:47,810 --> 01:39:45,390
were most concerned with are the are the

2344
01:39:49,850 --> 01:39:47,820
ones that we see all the time the earth

2345
01:39:53,090 --> 01:39:49,860
objects that jostle each other and

2346
01:39:56,930 --> 01:39:53,100
constantly pass over the Earth's orbit

2347
01:39:58,460 --> 01:39:56,940
and and and smaller ones slant are

2348
01:40:01,100 --> 01:39:58,470
slamming into our atmosphere all the

2349
01:40:03,140 --> 01:40:01,110
time like like there are those really

2350
01:40:04,310 --> 01:40:03,150
rare events that could happen but most

2351
01:40:06,080 --> 01:40:04,320
likely it's going to be from one of

2352
01:40:08,330 --> 01:40:06,090
these objects that we see all the time

2353
01:40:10,130 --> 01:40:08,340
that we're constantly but that are

2354
01:40:15,110 --> 01:40:10,140
buzzing around the the Earth's orbit

2355
01:40:18,260 --> 01:40:15,120
right right and the do you think it'd be

2356
01:40:20,030 --> 01:40:18,270
like in the movies if there was a killer

2357
01:40:21,200 --> 01:40:20,040
asteroid coming to earth and there was

2358
01:40:22,760 --> 01:40:21,210
nothing that could be done do you think

2359
01:40:24,710 --> 01:40:22,770
would be like in the movies that the

2360
01:40:27,459 --> 01:40:24,720
governments of the world would not say

2361
01:40:30,350 --> 01:40:27,469
anything I mean what could I do this

2362
01:40:32,060 --> 01:40:30,360
yeah well I mean things you can't hide

2363
01:40:35,990 --> 01:40:32,070
an asteroid

2364
01:40:37,400 --> 01:40:36,000
so yes doesn't matter that that I mean

2365
01:40:38,090 --> 01:40:37,410
this is what happened with oh

2366
01:40:39,910 --> 01:40:38,100
mooie-mooie

2367
01:40:41,960 --> 01:40:39,920
right is that an astronomer found it

2368
01:40:43,610 --> 01:40:41,970
communicated with other people said can

2369
01:40:46,370 --> 01:40:43,620
you confirm this is a thing other people

2370
01:40:48,110 --> 01:40:46,380
confirmed it and and everybody then

2371
01:40:52,100 --> 01:40:48,120
began making their observations the

2372
01:40:55,960 --> 01:40:52,110
night sky is being scanned by tens of

2373
01:40:59,890 --> 01:40:55,970
thousands of people every night and and

2374
01:41:03,500 --> 01:40:59,900
every object is is visible and seen so

2375
01:41:05,420 --> 01:41:03,510
it's not like there's like one shadowy

2376
01:41:07,640 --> 01:41:05,430
group with access to the most powerful

2377
01:41:10,550 --> 01:41:07,650
telescope and they and they're the ones

2378
01:41:14,180 --> 01:41:10,560
who decide what what gets told the night

2379
01:41:16,850 --> 01:41:14,190
sky is available to all of us and we can

2380
01:41:18,800 --> 01:41:16,860
all look at it and a lot of really

2381
01:41:20,240 --> 01:41:18,810
interesting discoveries come from and

2382
01:41:22,490 --> 01:41:20,250
from amateur astronomers that's how

2383
01:41:23,900 --> 01:41:22,500
comets get their names is that people

2384
01:41:26,660 --> 01:41:23,910
get to find them and then they get to

2385
01:41:28,220 --> 01:41:26,670
name them so right so I don't think

2386
01:41:31,690 --> 01:41:28,230
there's any possible way that you could

2387
01:41:34,670 --> 01:41:31,700
hide that any one group could control

2388
01:41:37,370 --> 01:41:34,680
what's being seen because anybody can do

2389
01:41:38,900 --> 01:41:37,380
the math right you find an object you do

2390
01:41:40,820 --> 01:41:38,910
the math you're like huh that's gonna

2391
01:41:43,130 --> 01:41:40,830
hit the earth right and then you tell

2392
01:41:44,150 --> 01:41:43,140
people so so it's not the kind of thing

2393
01:41:46,130 --> 01:41:44,160
that there would be any sort of

2394
01:41:48,830 --> 01:41:46,140
centralized control over that

2395
01:41:49,880 --> 01:41:48,840
information it's only in the movies yeah

2396
01:41:53,780 --> 01:41:49,890
it's only in the movie yes

2397
01:41:58,010 --> 01:41:53,790
so you mentioned super nova or supernova

2398
01:41:59,690 --> 01:41:58,020
is however you say it if there was and i

2399
01:42:01,850 --> 01:41:59,700
do want to talk a little more about what

2400
01:42:04,760 --> 01:42:01,860
can kill us because I think it's

2401
01:42:09,140 --> 01:42:04,770
interesting but so if there was a

2402
01:42:12,800 --> 01:42:09,150
supernova in our galaxy are we toast

2403
01:42:16,070 --> 01:42:12,810
no no supernova would need to go off

2404
01:42:18,920 --> 01:42:16,080
within really just a dozen a few dozen

2405
01:42:22,600 --> 01:42:18,930
light-years from us to cause us any kind

2406
01:42:26,270 --> 01:42:22,610
of damage so there are definitely no

2407
01:42:28,280 --> 01:42:26,280
stars that are that are gonna go

2408
01:42:32,270 --> 01:42:28,290
supernova that are close enough to us so

2409
01:42:35,480 --> 01:42:32,280
so from that we are pretty safe yeah and

2410
01:42:38,320 --> 01:42:35,490
gamma-ray bursts on the other hand they

2411
01:42:42,500 --> 01:42:38,330
can reach out across an entire galaxy

2412
01:42:44,120 --> 01:42:42,510
but we we do again it doesn't look like

2413
01:42:44,980 --> 01:42:44,130
there's any stars that we know of that

2414
01:42:47,440 --> 01:42:44,990
are

2415
01:42:50,350 --> 01:42:47,450
close enough or pointing their poles at

2416
01:42:52,150 --> 01:42:50,360
us that if the if the start did detonate

2417
01:42:54,700 --> 01:42:52,160
and generate a gamma-ray burst we would

2418
01:42:56,140 --> 01:42:54,710
we would have a problem so now it's

2419
01:42:58,390 --> 01:42:56,150
entirely possible that those are the

2420
01:43:01,240 --> 01:42:58,400
causes of mass extinction events in the

2421
01:43:03,430 --> 01:43:01,250
past but right now it doesn't seem like

2422
01:43:06,640 --> 01:43:03,440
it's a really big big concern I mean

2423
01:43:09,040 --> 01:43:06,650
there are I mean a black hole could pass

2424
01:43:11,440 --> 01:43:09,050
through the solar system and cause could

2425
01:43:14,080 --> 01:43:11,450
wreak a mate in you know enormous havoc

2426
01:43:15,970 --> 01:43:14,090
but then the solar system has been

2427
01:43:17,740 --> 01:43:15,980
moving along for four-and-a-half billion

2428
01:43:20,520 --> 01:43:17,750
years so far so the chances of that

2429
01:43:24,270 --> 01:43:20,530
happening seem pretty pretty remote the

2430
01:43:27,070 --> 01:43:24,280
the the existential crises that we face

2431
01:43:27,640 --> 01:43:27,080
feel like they are the ones of our own

2432
01:43:29,460 --> 01:43:27,650
making

2433
01:43:32,020 --> 01:43:29,470
they are the nuclear war they are the

2434
01:43:34,900 --> 01:43:32,030
the threat from artificial intelligence

2435
01:43:37,930 --> 01:43:34,910
of bioengineering from from climate

2436
01:43:40,450 --> 01:43:37,940
change things like that we those that's

2437
01:43:41,980 --> 01:43:40,460
the wild card and that's you know if you

2438
01:43:44,170 --> 01:43:41,990
had me think about the things that I'm

2439
01:43:46,740 --> 01:43:44,180
most concerned about I'm not at all

2440
01:43:49,690 --> 01:43:46,750
concerned about natural threats and and

2441
01:43:52,450 --> 01:43:49,700
100% concerned about what human beings

2442
01:43:53,890 --> 01:43:52,460
are doing and what we're working on and

2443
01:43:55,600 --> 01:43:53,900
think that we haven't really thought

2444
01:43:59,020 --> 01:43:55,610
through the consequences of what those

2445
01:44:02,500 --> 01:43:59,030
could cause yeah I've had discussions

2446
01:44:05,170 --> 01:44:02,510
about AI second yeah gets really scary

2447
01:44:07,150 --> 01:44:05,180
it gets really scary really fast yeah

2448
01:44:09,520 --> 01:44:07,160
and that's my I mean my background is in

2449
01:44:13,330 --> 01:44:09,530
computer science and oh that's right

2450
01:44:17,020 --> 01:44:13,340
yeah and I you know I know how badly

2451
01:44:19,180 --> 01:44:17,030
computers can behave so you know I mean

2452
01:44:21,490 --> 01:44:19,190
they're replicating things and you know

2453
01:44:23,530 --> 01:44:21,500
I mean the commands and yeah all that

2454
01:44:25,360 --> 01:44:23,540
yeah it just gets creepier you know

2455
01:44:27,520 --> 01:44:25,370
every year that goes by as our as our

2456
01:44:30,160 --> 01:44:27,530
artificial intelligence gets better and

2457
01:44:32,370 --> 01:44:30,170
more capable and things that we used to

2458
01:44:35,620 --> 01:44:32,380
think we're impossible are now done by

2459
01:44:37,780 --> 01:44:35,630
by technology it gets it you know you

2460
01:44:40,060 --> 01:44:37,790
kind of you start to go someone should

2461
01:44:42,010 --> 01:44:40,070
really look at what's going on and try

2462
01:44:44,890 --> 01:44:42,020
and figure out a way to minimize the

2463
01:44:46,810 --> 01:44:44,900
impact of it right just to remind the

2464
01:44:48,340 --> 01:44:46,820
listener on YouTube I'm solo tonight so

2465
01:44:51,700 --> 01:44:48,350
I don't have any way to check into the

2466
01:44:54,010 --> 01:44:51,710
chat room so if anyone wants to pose a

2467
01:44:57,190 --> 01:44:54,020
question you can call in that numbers up

2468
01:44:58,330 --> 01:44:57,200
on the screen so I want to talk a little

2469
01:45:00,459 --> 01:44:58,340
bit

2470
01:45:02,229 --> 01:45:00,469
see we have that it looks like about 10

2471
01:45:05,800 --> 01:45:02,239
or 12 minutes left here can we talk a

2472
01:45:07,419 --> 01:45:05,810
little bit another mystery there there

2473
01:45:09,790 --> 01:45:07,429
are so many mysteries when it comes to

2474
01:45:14,560 --> 01:45:09,800
space and you know it's dark matter I

2475
01:45:17,260 --> 01:45:14,570
mean that then is such a mystery and do

2476
01:45:19,270 --> 01:45:17,270
you think I don't know in your lifetime

2477
01:45:23,439 --> 01:45:19,280
but do you think that mystery can be

2478
01:45:27,220 --> 01:45:23,449
solved someday ah hmm

2479
01:45:28,540 --> 01:45:27,230
we don't know again the mean dark matter

2480
01:45:30,070 --> 01:45:28,550
is one of those really fascinating

2481
01:45:32,140 --> 01:45:30,080
mysteries that we you know we mentioned

2482
01:45:33,760 --> 01:45:32,150
earlier that there are mysteries that we

2483
01:45:36,270 --> 01:45:33,770
are in the middle of and dark matter is

2484
01:45:38,560 --> 01:45:36,280
absolutely one of these right that that

2485
01:45:41,229 --> 01:45:38,570
there is an enormous amount of evidence

2486
01:45:43,390 --> 01:45:41,239
that that we are not seeing the whole

2487
01:45:46,270 --> 01:45:43,400
universe that there that the vast

2488
01:45:48,640 --> 01:45:46,280
majority of the mass that's out there is

2489
01:45:52,419 --> 01:45:48,650
some kind of invisible matter that we

2490
01:45:54,580 --> 01:45:52,429
can't detect now astronomers have gotten

2491
01:45:57,220 --> 01:45:54,590
better and better at at figuring out

2492
01:45:58,780 --> 01:45:57,230
where this stuff is they can detect the

2493
01:46:01,740 --> 01:45:58,790
effect of its gravity and are able to

2494
01:46:05,800 --> 01:46:01,750
map out with incredible precision the

2495
01:46:07,149 --> 01:46:05,810
the concentrations of it and I always I

2496
01:46:08,680 --> 01:46:07,159
always laugh that you know we don't know

2497
01:46:12,250 --> 01:46:08,690
what this stuff is but we can use it as

2498
01:46:13,600 --> 01:46:12,260
a telescope which is so bizarre we can

2499
01:46:14,890 --> 01:46:13,610
use it to focus the light from more

2500
01:46:19,390 --> 01:46:14,900
distant objects but we don't know what

2501
01:46:21,459 --> 01:46:19,400
it is but and and so up until of you

2502
01:46:24,070 --> 01:46:21,469
know weight even it's still in a sort of

2503
01:46:26,379 --> 01:46:24,080
an undecided mystery about whether

2504
01:46:28,209 --> 01:46:26,389
there's some invisible mass or gravity

2505
01:46:32,200 --> 01:46:28,219
doesn't work the way we expected the

2506
01:46:34,149 --> 01:46:32,210
largest scales but there are a lot of

2507
01:46:36,910 --> 01:46:34,159
experiments in the works right now there

2508
01:46:40,959 --> 01:46:36,920
is there are particle detectors at the

2509
01:46:44,560 --> 01:46:40,969
bottom of old nickel mines in Sudbury

2510
01:46:46,510 --> 01:46:44,570
there is a cosmic ray detector onboard

2511
01:46:50,350 --> 01:46:46,520
the International Space Station there's

2512
01:46:54,310 --> 01:46:50,360
a gigantic neutrino Observatory if the

2513
01:46:56,830 --> 01:46:54,320
that is a cubic kilometer of ice in me

2514
01:46:59,439 --> 01:46:56,840
at the South Pole called Ice Cube there

2515
01:47:01,600 --> 01:46:59,449
are Japanese detectors there are so

2516
01:47:04,030 --> 01:47:01,610
there are there are probably the CERN

2517
01:47:06,399 --> 01:47:04,040
they're trying to make dark matter at

2518
01:47:08,350 --> 01:47:06,409
CERN they've got another idea there

2519
01:47:10,670 --> 01:47:08,360
they're looking for called accion's at

2520
01:47:12,980 --> 01:47:10,680
CERN so there are

2521
01:47:14,420 --> 01:47:12,990
I would say there are dozens of

2522
01:47:17,660 --> 01:47:14,430
experiments right now dozens of

2523
01:47:19,400 --> 01:47:17,670
detectors dozens of different ways that

2524
01:47:21,590 --> 01:47:19,410
people are trying to search for some

2525
01:47:23,120 --> 01:47:21,600
kind of evidence of dark matter it's

2526
01:47:24,950 --> 01:47:23,130
it's weird to be living in this universe

2527
01:47:26,900 --> 01:47:24,960
that we don't know what the vast

2528
01:47:28,970 --> 01:47:26,910
majority of it is made of and dark

2529
01:47:32,660 --> 01:47:28,980
energies and even bigger mystery me know

2530
01:47:36,590 --> 01:47:32,670
what that is so yeah yeah and so it's

2531
01:47:38,360 --> 01:47:36,600
great to just be again like people are

2532
01:47:42,710 --> 01:47:38,370
it's funny how that guy I always find

2533
01:47:44,900 --> 01:47:42,720
this really weird that people it bothers

2534
01:47:45,920 --> 01:47:44,910
people that that this mystery hasn't

2535
01:47:51,170 --> 01:47:45,930
been solved yet

2536
01:47:52,940 --> 01:47:51,180
and yet we we stand at the at the at the

2537
01:47:57,530 --> 01:47:52,950
conclusion of so many other mysteries

2538
01:48:00,830 --> 01:47:57,540
that have been solved and and so this

2539
01:48:02,810 --> 01:48:00,840
feeling that you have of not knowing the

2540
01:48:05,120 --> 01:48:02,820
route forward of not knowing what the

2541
01:48:07,600 --> 01:48:05,130
final destination is going to be to what

2542
01:48:11,120 --> 01:48:07,610
the answer is that discomfort and

2543
01:48:13,220 --> 01:48:11,130
curiosity is is what is how you know

2544
01:48:15,830 --> 01:48:13,230
that you have a genuine mystery on your

2545
01:48:17,390 --> 01:48:15,840
hands and the only way to to find out

2546
01:48:19,040 --> 01:48:17,400
what the answer is just keep digging

2547
01:48:21,050 --> 01:48:19,050
around and searching for evidence and

2548
01:48:23,420 --> 01:48:21,060
trying to find answers and and see where

2549
01:48:26,170 --> 01:48:23,430
you get and will it be happen at all I

2550
01:48:29,360 --> 01:48:26,180
do I think dark matter

2551
01:48:31,070 --> 01:48:29,370
astronomers I feel that they will have

2552
01:48:33,170 --> 01:48:31,080
gotten to the bottom of this mystery or

2553
01:48:35,630 --> 01:48:33,180
particle physicists they will know

2554
01:48:40,640 --> 01:48:35,640
better what it is within my lifetime I

2555
01:48:44,300 --> 01:48:40,650
hope dark energy I'm not so sure but but

2556
01:48:45,890 --> 01:48:44,310
I think every year that goes by people

2557
01:48:48,140 --> 01:48:45,900
there they are at least figuring out

2558
01:48:48,650 --> 01:48:48,150
what it isn't which is a good place to

2559
01:48:51,050 --> 01:48:48,660
start

2560
01:48:53,480 --> 01:48:51,060
yeah so they are a nation yeah yeah

2561
01:48:56,120 --> 01:48:53,490
they're eliminating the crazy ideas that

2562
01:48:58,130 --> 01:48:56,130
that aren't panning out and eventually

2563
01:49:00,260 --> 01:48:58,140
you really start to narrow down what

2564
01:49:01,400 --> 01:49:00,270
you're looking for and and you can get a

2565
01:49:03,410 --> 01:49:01,410
better set you'll start to see more

2566
01:49:06,100 --> 01:49:03,420
subtle hints so I hope within the next

2567
01:49:08,570 --> 01:49:06,110
couple of decades we figure out at least

2568
01:49:11,240 --> 01:49:08,580
we have a better idea but what it isn't

2569
01:49:14,510 --> 01:49:11,250
right now does this have does this have

2570
01:49:18,680 --> 01:49:14,520
to do with the theory of relativity part

2571
01:49:20,840 --> 01:49:18,690
of it any part of it and how that works

2572
01:49:23,510 --> 01:49:20,850
nothing I'm aware must be thinking of

2573
01:49:24,170 --> 01:49:23,520
something else totally okay now I want

2574
01:49:26,030 --> 01:49:24,180
to

2575
01:49:28,270 --> 01:49:26,040
say I've I have a friend who's an

2576
01:49:31,940 --> 01:49:28,280
astronomer and I told him that I had

2577
01:49:35,000 --> 01:49:31,950
Pluto planet separation anxiety so now

2578
01:49:36,230 --> 01:49:35,010
is Pluto back to being a planet or what

2579
01:49:38,360 --> 01:49:36,240
what is going through some type of

2580
01:49:40,730 --> 01:49:38,370
debate I didn't really read much about

2581
01:49:42,470 --> 01:49:40,740
it but I saw something yeah um I mean

2582
01:49:44,780 --> 01:49:42,480
obviously you know the Pluto was the

2583
01:49:47,570 --> 01:49:44,790
planet 'add about that was like our

2584
01:49:49,340 --> 01:49:47,580
first show of astronomy cast I was us

2585
01:49:50,660 --> 01:49:49,350
explaining why Pluto had gotten deep

2586
01:49:52,460 --> 01:49:50,670
planted it and we just did another

2587
01:49:55,730 --> 01:49:52,470
episode where like nope still not a

2588
01:50:00,350 --> 01:49:55,740
planet so that's you know that's

2589
01:50:04,130 --> 01:50:00,360
unfortunate or it's the right answer but

2590
01:50:06,370 --> 01:50:04,140
no I there are proposals the IAEA you

2591
01:50:09,470 --> 01:50:06,380
the International Astronomical Union

2592
01:50:11,870 --> 01:50:09,480
needs to make a decision about maybe it

2593
01:50:15,050 --> 01:50:11,880
is or isn't a planet I heard pamela talk

2594
01:50:17,390 --> 01:50:15,060
about yeah that they need to vote and

2595
01:50:18,560 --> 01:50:17,400
not not not in person yeah so it could

2596
01:50:19,460 --> 01:50:18,570
very well be that'll come up to a vote

2597
01:50:21,860 --> 01:50:19,470
and there's been some interesting

2598
01:50:28,870 --> 01:50:21,870
proposals where people said well maybe

2599
01:50:31,970 --> 01:50:28,880
it's the some other you know maybe

2600
01:50:33,230 --> 01:50:31,980
change the definition of what it is so

2601
01:50:34,850 --> 01:50:33,240
that any object you can really hold

2602
01:50:38,810 --> 01:50:34,860
itself into a sphere is good enough to

2603
01:50:39,920 --> 01:50:38,820
be a planet so right now so then you

2604
01:50:41,150 --> 01:50:39,930
would end even the moon would be a

2605
01:50:43,870 --> 01:50:41,160
planets you'd have a hundred plus

2606
01:50:46,820 --> 01:50:43,880
planets in the solar system I I

2607
01:50:49,640 --> 01:50:46,830
personally don't really find the debate

2608
01:50:54,710 --> 01:50:49,650
very interesting because it's like it's

2609
01:50:58,430 --> 01:50:54,720
all just subjective and and each world

2610
01:51:00,500 --> 01:50:58,440
is interesting its own right and and we

2611
01:51:02,480 --> 01:51:00,510
are finding more like like the whole

2612
01:51:04,430 --> 01:51:02,490
reason why Pluto is no longer planets

2613
01:51:07,850 --> 01:51:04,440
because an object the same size as Pluto

2614
01:51:10,070 --> 01:51:07,860
Eris was found farther up in solar

2615
01:51:11,780 --> 01:51:10,080
systems so so you were never gonna go

2616
01:51:13,490 --> 01:51:11,790
like now you've got another plus now you

2617
01:51:15,950 --> 01:51:13,500
got ten planets but so we were never

2618
01:51:19,190 --> 01:51:15,960
gonna have the nine planets including

2619
01:51:21,890 --> 01:51:19,200
Pluto ever again and as more and more of

2620
01:51:23,390 --> 01:51:21,900
these objects are found these numbers

2621
01:51:25,670 --> 01:51:23,400
are gonna have to change science is this

2622
01:51:28,700 --> 01:51:25,680
living thing as new evidence is

2623
01:51:31,400 --> 01:51:28,710
discovered people's opinions change and

2624
01:51:33,230 --> 01:51:31,410
and so if anyone was like you know it's

2625
01:51:35,390 --> 01:51:33,240
eight planets ours if it's nine planets

2626
01:51:37,370 --> 01:51:35,400
including Pluto like what about Aris

2627
01:51:38,450 --> 01:51:37,380
like does an heiress get to be a planet

2628
01:51:42,140 --> 01:51:38,460
to if Pluto

2629
01:51:45,410 --> 01:51:42,150
same size so I don't know if you've done

2630
01:51:46,850 --> 01:51:45,420
a show in the past about this topic and

2631
01:51:49,910 --> 01:51:46,860
we only you know we have five minutes

2632
01:51:51,709 --> 01:51:49,920
left here is basically what about space

2633
01:51:55,069 --> 01:51:51,719
travel what do you think the future of

2634
01:51:56,689 --> 01:51:55,079
space travel with technology do you

2635
01:51:58,220 --> 01:51:56,699
think that's going to improve to the

2636
01:52:01,160 --> 01:51:58,230
point where we can actually do more of

2637
01:52:02,870 --> 01:52:01,170
it oh yeah um you know when you look at

2638
01:52:05,660 --> 01:52:02,880
what's happening with SpaceX with the

2639
01:52:07,100 --> 01:52:05,670
development of their spacecraft and

2640
01:52:09,709 --> 01:52:07,110
especially the new one they're working

2641
01:52:13,640 --> 01:52:09,719
on the bfr the big Falcon rocket the big

2642
01:52:16,520 --> 01:52:13,650
freakin rocket the big you know this is

2643
01:52:18,439 --> 01:52:16,530
a spacecraft that is fully reusable this

2644
01:52:20,390 --> 01:52:18,449
was thought to be impossible and now

2645
01:52:22,280 --> 01:52:20,400
they're in the process we hope of

2646
01:52:24,620 --> 01:52:22,290
creating a spacecraft where both the

2647
01:52:26,689 --> 01:52:24,630
first stage and the top stage are both

2648
01:52:29,030 --> 01:52:26,699
fully reusable and suddenly for the

2649
01:52:30,500 --> 01:52:29,040
first time you can launch cargo into

2650
01:52:34,129 --> 01:52:30,510
space without having to throw away your

2651
01:52:36,500 --> 01:52:34,139
rocket that when this system gets

2652
01:52:39,680 --> 01:52:36,510
operating the bfr is going to be the

2653
01:52:41,629 --> 01:52:39,690
least inexpensive rocket that has ever

2654
01:52:43,129 --> 01:52:41,639
been launched it's just the price of

2655
01:52:44,510 --> 01:52:43,139
fuel it's a couple of million dollars of

2656
01:52:46,310 --> 01:52:44,520
fuel and you launch this thing and

2657
01:52:49,850 --> 01:52:46,320
recover it and fill it with cargo and

2658
01:52:52,459 --> 01:52:49,860
launch it again when you're dropping the

2659
01:52:56,780 --> 01:52:52,469
price of access to space down by a

2660
01:52:58,640 --> 01:52:56,790
factor of a hundred you the kinds of

2661
01:53:00,350 --> 01:52:58,650
things that are possible are just

2662
01:53:02,000 --> 01:53:00,360
mind-bending in theory to be a far

2663
01:53:04,040 --> 01:53:02,010
should be able to take off fly to the

2664
01:53:05,689 --> 01:53:04,050
moon land on the moon people can get out

2665
01:53:08,149 --> 01:53:05,699
explore the moon get back in the

2666
01:53:10,280 --> 01:53:08,159
spacecraft fly back to earth like just

2667
01:53:11,990 --> 01:53:10,290
as one of the things that it does you

2668
01:53:15,979 --> 01:53:12,000
know it should be it should be capable

2669
01:53:18,859 --> 01:53:15,989
of flying to Mars with refueling so I

2670
01:53:23,390 --> 01:53:18,869
think that we are we are about to enter

2671
01:53:30,979 --> 01:53:23,400
an age where where what it is possible

2672
01:53:33,350 --> 01:53:30,989
to launch is dramatically widened where

2673
01:53:35,720 --> 01:53:33,360
where there where makes sense to launch

2674
01:53:37,069 --> 01:53:35,730
a constellation of 5,000 satellites to

2675
01:53:39,680 --> 01:53:37,079
provide better internet for the entire

2676
01:53:41,030 --> 01:53:39,690
planet that that it makes sense to start

2677
01:53:42,740 --> 01:53:41,040
thinking about things like let's put our

2678
01:53:47,180 --> 01:53:42,750
heavy manufacturing up in space let's

2679
01:53:50,919 --> 01:53:47,190
put solar power generating factories out

2680
01:53:55,060 --> 01:53:50,929
in space like what comes next

2681
01:53:57,009 --> 01:53:55,070
is exciting and revolutionary and we

2682
01:53:59,859 --> 01:53:57,019
haven't seen the implications of it of

2683
01:54:03,879 --> 01:53:59,869
it yet and so I feel pretty confident

2684
01:54:07,029 --> 01:54:03,889
that within the next hundred years we

2685
01:54:09,910 --> 01:54:07,039
should see a pretty vibrant community of

2686
01:54:11,649 --> 01:54:09,920
human beings living in places that

2687
01:54:13,600 --> 01:54:11,659
aren't just earth we don't blow

2688
01:54:14,439 --> 01:54:13,610
ourselves up if we don't blow ourselves

2689
01:54:16,509 --> 01:54:14,449
up first

2690
01:54:18,729 --> 01:54:16,519
right yeah and I wanted to ask about

2691
01:54:21,489 --> 01:54:18,739
helium-3 and all that in the moon but I

2692
01:54:23,469 --> 01:54:21,499
think I think I misjudge the time I

2693
01:54:25,419 --> 01:54:23,479
believe that we're just right at the end

2694
01:54:27,339 --> 01:54:25,429
right now I know we started a little bit

2695
01:54:27,819 --> 01:54:27,349
late but I think that's about right

2696
01:54:30,160 --> 01:54:27,829
timing

2697
01:54:32,859 --> 01:54:30,170
so Frasier I want to thank you so much

2698
01:54:35,229 --> 01:54:32,869
for being generous enough to come on the

2699
01:54:37,600 --> 01:54:35,239
show I really do appreciate it and I

2700
01:54:41,589 --> 01:54:37,610
want to give a good plug to you first of

2701
01:54:46,020 --> 01:54:41,599
all if you go to youtube type in of just

2702
01:54:49,629 --> 01:54:46,030
his name Fraser Cain that's f AR a s er

2703
01:54:53,080 --> 01:54:49,639
capital C AI n I think I spelled it

2704
01:54:56,830 --> 01:54:53,090
right and for a ser CAI n yeah and also

2705
01:54:59,109 --> 01:54:56,840
astronomy cast check that podcasts out

2706
01:55:05,080 --> 01:54:59,119
anything else you'd like to plug well I

2707
01:55:07,359 --> 01:55:05,090
just today we just got our new book has

2708
01:55:09,669 --> 01:55:07,369
has come out I've gotten an advance copy

2709
01:55:11,500 --> 01:55:09,679
of it right the Universe Today ultimate

2710
01:55:13,739 --> 01:55:11,510
guide to viewing the cosmos which was

2711
01:55:18,339 --> 01:55:13,749
written by David Dickenson who is the

2712
01:55:20,259 --> 01:55:18,349
who's the amateur astronomy writer of

2713
01:55:23,169 --> 01:55:20,269
Universe Today and the book is going to

2714
01:55:25,089 --> 01:55:23,179
be coming out in about two weeks so if

2715
01:55:27,370 --> 01:55:25,099
you're looking to get into amateur

2716
01:55:30,870 --> 01:55:27,380
astronomy definitely check out the new

2717
01:55:33,459 --> 01:55:30,880
book um it's really exciting we've got

2718
01:55:35,949 --> 01:55:33,469
more than a hundred photographs in it

2719
01:55:37,989 --> 01:55:35,959
which nobody has ever seen before

2720
01:55:41,850 --> 01:55:37,999
there's more very few people have seen

2721
01:55:44,259 --> 01:55:41,860
it's all I tried to get as many amateur

2722
01:55:46,419 --> 01:55:44,269
astrophotographers involved in the in

2723
01:55:47,979 --> 01:55:46,429
the book so it's not the same old

2724
01:55:50,709 --> 01:55:47,989
pictures from the Hubble Space Telescope

2725
01:55:54,429 --> 01:55:50,719
that you've all seen it's a it's a whole

2726
01:55:57,040 --> 01:55:54,439
bunch of work by people with telescopes

2727
01:55:58,209 --> 01:55:57,050
and and gear that that the regular

2728
01:56:00,669 --> 01:55:58,219
person can get so I'm pretty excited

2729
01:56:02,089 --> 01:56:00,679
about it and available in a couple of

2730
01:56:04,640 --> 01:56:02,099
weeks

2731
01:56:06,910 --> 01:56:04,650
all right make sure your now all right

2732
01:56:09,620 --> 01:56:06,920
pre-order now on Amazon all right and

2733
01:56:13,040 --> 01:56:09,630
make sure you give your my best to

2734
01:56:14,959 --> 01:56:13,050
Pamela I always enjoy her a lot anyway

2735
01:56:16,250 --> 01:56:14,969
thanks so much I really do all right

2736
01:56:16,669 --> 01:56:16,260
thanks for having me all right you take

2737
01:56:20,239 --> 01:56:16,679
care

2738
01:56:23,419 --> 01:56:20,249
buh-bye bye alright everyone so that is

2739
01:56:26,839 --> 01:56:23,429
it thank you so much for listening today

2740
01:56:29,239 --> 01:56:26,849
I hope you enjoyed the show and it's

2741
01:56:31,489 --> 01:56:29,249
always interesting to understand and

2742
01:56:34,819 --> 01:56:31,499
listen to what people think about the

2743
01:56:37,160 --> 01:56:34,829
UFO topic on the outside so I was glad

2744
01:56:41,929 --> 01:56:37,170
to be able to do that next week we have

2745
01:56:45,890 --> 01:56:41,939
Paul Stark he is a he was the director I

2746
01:56:47,439 --> 01:56:45,900
think and producer of Vatican UFOs he

2747
01:56:49,729 --> 01:56:47,449
will be on next week's show

2748
01:56:53,330 --> 01:56:49,739
thanks so much if you support the show

2749
01:56:54,830 --> 01:56:53,340
and I think that's about it for me I

2750
01:56:57,669 --> 01:56:54,840
want to thank everyone that does help

2751
01:57:00,620 --> 01:56:57,679
out with the show and Alejandro Rojas

2752
01:57:03,799 --> 01:57:00,630
our guest and most importantly her

2753
01:57:18,570 --> 01:57:03,809
listeners thank you so much and we'll be